Ankara’daki Restoran İşletmesi Çalışanlarının İş Stresi Düzeyi ile İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki (Relationship Between Job Stress Level and Turnover Intention of Restaurant Employees in Ankara)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2024.1476Keywords:
Job stress, Turnover intention, Restaurant businesses, AnkaraAbstract
Restaurants are one of the types of businesses with the highest workloadand stressful work environment. This study aims to determine therelationship between job stress experienced by restaurant employees andturnover intention. The descriptive research method was preferred inthis study. The sample consists of 389 individuals working inrestaurants with “tourism business certificates” in Ankara in September2024. The data collection method of the study is the survey techniqueused in quantitative research. The survey form consists of threesections. The first section includes demographic information, the secondsection includes the job stress scale, and the third section includesthe turnover intention scale. The research data were analyzed withappropriate statistical analyses. These are “frequency distribution,reliability, factor, correlation, and simple linear regression”analyses. The correlation and regression analyses revealed that the jobstress levels of employees working in restaurants in Ankara have amoderately positive effect on turnover intention. It is targeted thatstakeholders of the food and beverage sector, which is an importantcomponent of tourism, and academics in the relevant field will benefitfrom this study.
References
Aksu, A., (2004). Turnover costs: research among five-star hotels in the city of Antalya, Turkey. Tourism Analysis 9(3), 207-217. https://doi.org/10.3727/1083542042781230.
Alarcon, G. M. & Edwards, J.M. (2011). The relationship of engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Stress and Health, 27(3), 294-298. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1365.
Alola, U. V., Olugbade, O. A., Avci, T. & Öztüren, A. (2019). Customer incivility and employees' outcomes in the hotel: Testing the mediating role of emotional exhaustion. Tourism Management Perspectives, 29, 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.10.004.
Arshadi, N. & Damiri, H. (2013). The relationship of job stress with turnover intention & job performance: Moderating role of OBSE. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 84, 706-710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.631.
Arslan, E., Kendir, H., & Bozkurt, H.Ö. (2023). The relationship between job stress and presenteeism in five-star hotel employees: An example from İstanbul Province. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(4), 2795-2806. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2023.1748.
Arslan, E. & Kılıçlar, A. (2018). Otel işletmelerinde çalışanların kişilik özellikleri ile örgütsel bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkide iş tatmininin aracılık rolü. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 6(4), 360-375. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2018.314.
Aydın, A. U. & Akgemci, T. (2020). Tükenmişlik sendromunun işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkileri: Bankacılık sektörü çalışanları örneği. Strategic Public Management Journal, 6(11), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.634829.
Bhuian, S. N., Menguc, B. & Borsboom, R. (2005). Stressors and job outcomes in sales: A triphasic model versus a linear-quadratic-interactive model. Journal of Business Research, 58(2), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00132-2.
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2008). Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Ankara, Pegem Yayınları.
Chan, S. H. J. & Mai, X. (2015). The relation of career adaptability to satisfaction and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 89, 130-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2015.05.005.
Chen, M. F., Lin, C. P. & Lien, G. Y. (2011). Modelling job stress as a mediating role in predicting turnover intention. The Service Industries Journal 31(8), 1327-1345. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060903437543.
Chen, H. & Qi, R. (2022). Restaurant frontline employees’ turnover intentions: three-way interactions between job stress, fear of COVID-19, and resilience. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(7), 2535-2558. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2021-1016.
Chen, C. C., Zou, S. S. & Chen, M. H. (2022). The fear of being infected and fired: Examining the dual job stressors of hospitality employees during COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102, 103131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.103131.
Choi, K. (2006). A structural relationship analysis of hotel employees' turnover intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 11(4), 321-337. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941660600931150.
Choi, H. M., Mohammed, A. A. A. & Kim, W.G. (2019). Understanding hotel frontline employees’ emotional intelligence, emotional labor, job stress, coping strategies and burnout. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 82, 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.05.002.
Chung, H., Quan, W., Koo, B., Ariza-Montes, A., Vega-Muñoz, A., Giorgi, G. & Han, H. (2021). A threat of customer incivility & job stress to hotel employee retention: do supervisor and co-worker supports reduce turnover rates? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6616. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126616.
Demirci, B. & Seçilmiş, C. (2020). Restoran işletmelerinde rol stresi ve lider-üye etkileşiminin işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 31(3), 228-238. https://www.doi.org/10.17123/atad.7149.
Deveci, B. & Avcıkurt, C. (2017). İş-aile çatışması ve iş stresinin yaşam kalitesine etkisi: Büyük ölçekli mutfak çalışanları üzerine bir araştırma. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(40), 313-331. https://www.doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.11922.
Dodanwala, T.C., Santoso, D. S. & Yukongdi, V. (2023). Examining work role stressors, job satisfaction, job stress, and turnover intention of Sri Lanka’s construction industry. International Journal of Construction Management, 23(15), 2583-2592. https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2022.2080931.
Erdoğan, S. U. & Çiğdemli, A. Ö. Ö. (2022). Turizm bağlamında işgören devri (turnover) çalışmalarının bibliyometrik analizi: web of science örneği. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Issues, 4(2), 84-107. https://doi.org/10.51525/johti.1191890.
Ergun, G. S., Bozkurt, H. O., Arslan, E., Kendir, H. & Yayla, O. (2023). Psychological capital as a moderator in the relationship between job insecurity, job stress, and hotel employees' turnover intention during the Russia-Ukraine war. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 111, 103475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103475.
Eroğlu, A. (2020). İş yükünün işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkisinde iş tatmini ve kişi-örgüt uyumunun aracılık rolü. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 7(2), 213-227. https://doi.org/10.18394/iid.746740.
Eser, S. & Akgündüz, Y. (2018). İş stresinin turist rehberlerinin mesleki bağlılıklarına etkisi. The Second International Congress on Future of Tourism: Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Sustainability (Futourism 2018), 27-29 September 2018, Mersin/Turkey, 675-682.
Fasbender, U., Van der Heijden, B.I. & Grimshaw, S. (2019). Job satisfaction, job stress and nurses’ turnover intentions: The moderating roles of on‐the‐job and off‐the‐job embeddedness. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 75(2), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13842.
Fong, L. H. N., Chui, P. M. W., Cheong, I. S. C. & Fong, D. K. C. (2018). Moderating effects of social support on job stress and turnover intentions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 27(7), 795-810. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1446862.
Griffin, M. L., Hogan, N. L., Lambert, E. G., Tucker-Gail, K. A. & Baker, D. N. (2010). Job involvement, job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and the burnout of correctional staff. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 37(2), 239-255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809351682.
Gupta, N. & Beehr, T.A. (1979). Job stress and employee behaviors. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 23, 373-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(79)90004-7.
Hair, J. F., Black, C. W., Babin, J. B. & Anderson, R. E. (2014). Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.), Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, Pearson New International Edition.
Han, S. J., Bonn, M. A. & Cho, M. (2016). The relationship between customer incivility, restaurant frontline service employee burnout and turnover intention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 52, 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2015.10.002.
House, R. J. (1971). A path goal theory of leader effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 16, 321-339. https://doi.org/10.2307/2391905.
House, R. J. & Rizzo, J.R. (1972a). Role conflict & ambiguity as critical variables in a model of organizational behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 7, 467-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(72)90030-X.
House, R. J. & Rizzo, J. R. (1972b). Toward the measurement of organizational practices: Scale development and validation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56(5), 388-396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0033444.
Hu, H. H. & Cheng, C.W. (2010). Job stress, coping strategies, and burnout among hotel industry supervisors in Taiwan. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(8), 1337-1350. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2010.483867.
Jung, H. S., Yoon, H. H. & Kim, Y.J. (2012). Effects of culinary employees’ role stress on burnout and turnover intention in hotel industry: Moderating effects on employees’ tenure. The Service Industries Journal, 32(13), 2145-2165. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2011.574277.
Jung, H. S. & Yoon, H. H. (2014). Antecedents and consequences of employees’ job stress in a foodservice industry: Focused on emotional labor and turnover intent. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 38, 84-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.01.007.
Karatepe, O. M. & Uludag, O. (2007). Conflict, exhaustion, and motivation: A study of frontline employees in Northern Cyprus hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 26(3), 645–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2006.05.006.
Kendir, H. (2020). Otel işletmesi çalışanlarında iş stresinin işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde görev yapılan departmanın moderatör rolü. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(4), 3421-3432. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2020.1049.
Kendir, H., Arslan, E., & Bozkurt, H.Ö. (2018). Devam bağlılığı, presenteeism ve işten ayrılma niyeti arasındaki ilişki: Beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 10(4), 1029-1046. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2018.561.
Kendir, H., & Arslan, E. (2022). Termal otel işletmesi çalışanlarında genel kronizm algısının işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Afyonkarahisar örneği. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 14(4), 2723-2732. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2022.1529.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rd ed.), New York, The Guilford Press.
Kuşluvan, S., &Kuşluvan, Z. (2004). Turizm işletmelerinde işgören devri: Anlamı, türleri ve nedenleri. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 1(1). 28-37.
Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2024). Bakanlık belgeli ve bakanlığa başvurusu olan tesisler. https://www.ktb.gov.tr/genel/searchhotelgenel.aspx?lang=tr. Erişim Tarihi: 08.09.2024.
Li, J. J., Kim, W. G. & Zhao, X.R. (2017). Multilevel model of management support and casino employee turnover intention. Tourism Management, 59, 193-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2016.08.006.
Liu,S. & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2012). Chinese teachers’ work stress and their turnover intention. International journal of Educational Research, 53, 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2012.03.006.
Lo, W. Y., Chien, L. Y., Hwang, F. M., Huang, N. & Chiou, S. T. (2018). From job stress to intention to leave among hospital nurses: A structural equation modelling approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 74, 677-688. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13481.
Mansour, S. & Mohanna, D. (2018). Mediating role of job stress between work-family conflict, work-leisure conflict, & employees' perception of service quality in the hotel industry in France. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 17(2), 154-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2017.1340755.
Mengenci, C. (2015). Who knows? Organizational culture might be the source of job satisfaction or stress: Evidence from Turkey. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 5(3), 514-524. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v5-i3/1535.
Mensah, C., Baah, N. G., Nutsugbodo, R. Y. & Ankor, A. (2023). Work leisure conflict, job stress, life satisfaction and turnover intention of hotel workers in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 22(3), 396-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2023.2180728.
Min, J. (2014). The relationships between emotional intelligence, job stress, and quality of life among tour guides. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 19(10), 1170-1190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2013.839459.
Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O. & Hollingsworth, A.T. (1978). An evaluation of precursors of hospital employee turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408-414. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.63.4.408.
Park, J. & Min, H. K. (2020). Turnover intention in the hospitality industry: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 90, 102599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102599.
Petree, R. D., Broome, K. M., & Bennett, J. B. (2012). Exploring and reducing stress in young restaurant workers: Results of a randomized field trial. American Journal of Health Promotion, 26(4), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.091001-QUAN-3.
Rashid, A., Bajwa, R.S. & Batool, I. (2016). Effect of emotional intelligence on job stress, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among bank employees. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 36(1), 141-149.
Salama, W., Abdou, A. H., Mohamed, S. A. K. & Shehata, H. S. (2022). Impact of work stress & job burnout on turnover intentions among hotel employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159724.
Schwepker, C. H. & Dimitriou, C. K. (2021). Using ethical leadership to reduce job stress & improve performance quality in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102860.
Serinikli, N. (2019). İş stresinin işten ayrılma niyetine etkisinde örgütsel bağlılığın aracılık rolü. Business and Economics Research Journal, 10(4), 915-928. https://doi.org/10.20409/berj.2019.210.
Somers, M. J. (2009). The combined influence of affective, continuance and normative commitment on employee withdrawal. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 74(1), 75-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2008.10.006.
Tongchaiprasit, P. & Ariyabuddhiphongs, V. (2016). Creativity and turnover intention among hotel chefs: The mediating effects of job satisfaction and job stress. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 55, 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.02.009.
Tsaur, S.H. & Tang, Y.Y. (2012). Job stress and well-being of female employees in hospitality: The role of regulatory leisure coping styles. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 1038-1044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.12.009.
Tett, R. P. & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: Path analyses based on meta-analytic findings. Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00874.x.
Wong, A. K. F., Kim, S .S., Kim, J. & Han, H. (2021). How the COVID-19 p&emic affected hotel employee stress: employee perceptions of occupational stressors and their consequences. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102798.
Yoon, G. S. & Kim, S. Y. (2010). Influences of job stress and burnout on turnover intention of nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration, 16(4), 507-516. https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2010.16.4.507.
Zohar, D. (1994). Analysis of job stress profile in the hotel industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management 13(3), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4319(94)90022-1.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.