Opinions of Non Governmental Organizations for the Image of Turkey in Germany
Keywords:
Civil society, Non-Governmental organisation, Destination imageAbstract
There are more than 3 million Turkish people in Germany and they have organised since 1970s they constituted their non-governmental organisations. These non-governmental organisations are volenteer not professional but they do gracious activities which are appreciated by German public opinion. From that point of view the main goal of the study is to find out effect about Turkish touristic image as a result of Turkish non governmental organisations activities and reflection in German public opinion. In line with this aim, an interview was held with Turkish civil society organizations in Germany to try to find out the current situation, its activities and relations with German society, the activities of nongovernmental organizations, their contribution to advertisement of Turkey and the formation of Turkey's touristic image. We have reported the data that we got from the interview with Turkish Non-Governmental Organisation in Germany. As a result of the research, it is seen that civil society organizations' activities are shaped according to the purpose of establishment and even though they are directly promotional activities on behalf of Turkey, they reflect Turkish culture in most of their activities.
References
Adıgüzel, Y. (2011a). Almanya Türklerinde Dil Din Kimlik (1. Baskı). İstanbul: Şehir Yayınları. Retrieved from www.sehiryayinlari.net
Adıgüzel, Y. (2011b). Almanya’daki Türk Kuruluşları (1.Baskı ed.). İstanbul: Şehir Yayınları.
Baloğlu, Ş., & Mccleary, K. W. (1999). a Model of Destination Image Formation. Journal of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00030-4
Bedük, A., Usta, S., & Kocaoğlu, M. (2006). Avrupa Birliği’ne Giriş Sürecinde Türkiye'de Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları ve Demokratikleşme Sürecindeki Misyonları. Selçuk Üniversitesi Karaman İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 9(10), 52–64.
Beerli, A., & Martín, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657–681. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.010
Berlin Büyükelçiliği Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Müşavirliği (2017). Yıllara Göre Sayısal Veriler ve Bilgiler. Retrieved from http://www.calisma.de
Canöz, K. (2007). Halkla İlişkiler Uygulaması Olarak Lobicilik (1. Basım). İstanbul: Nüve Kültür Merkezi Yayınları. Retrieved from www.nuvekultur.com
d’Angella, F., & Go, F. M. (2009). Tale of two cities’ collaborative tourism marketing: Towards a theory of destination stakeholder assessment. Tourism Management, 30(3), 429–440. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.07.012
Dore, L., & Crouch, G. I. (2003). Promoting destinations: An exploratory study of publicity programmes used by national tourism organisations. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 9(2), 137–151. http://doi.org/10.1177/135676670300900203
Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B. (2003). The Meaning and Measurement of Destination Image. Journal of Tourism Studies, 14(1), 37–48.
Gallarza, M. G., Saura, I. G., & Garcı́a, H. C. (2002). Destination image Towards a Conceptual Framework. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(1), 56–78. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00031-7
Gartner, W. C. (1994). Image formation process. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 2(2-3), 191–216.
Gençkaya, Ö. F. (1997). Demokratik Sistemde Sivil Toplum Fonksiyonu ve Sivil Toplum Devlet Düalizmi. Yeni Türkiye Dergisi, 18(Kasım-Aralık), 98.
Govers, R., Go, F. M., & Kumar, K. (2007). Promoting Tourism Destination Image. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 15–23. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507302374
Gretzel, U., Yuan, Y.-L., & Fesenmaier, D. R. (2000). Preparing for the New Economy: Advertising Strategies and Change in Destination Marketing Organizations. Journal of Travel Research, 39(2), 146–156. http://doi.org/10.1177/004728750003900204
Gunn, C. A. (1972). Vacationscape : designing tourist regions (1st ed.). Austin: Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas.
Henderson, J. C. (2007). Uniquely Singapore? A case study in destination branding. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 13(3), 261–274. http://doi.org/10.1177/1356766707077695
Konecnik, M., & Go, F. (2008). Tourism destination brand identity: The case of Slovenia. Journal of Brand Management, 15(3), 177–189. http://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2550114
Köker, N. E., & Erdoğan, İ. (2007). Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları ve Lobicilik. In B. Gültekin & L. Budak (Eds.), Ermeni, Rum ve Yahudi Lobileri Örneğinde Lobicilik Kavramlarına Giriş (1. Basım, pp. 53–74). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Kuçuradi, İ. (2003). Düşünen Sivil Toplum: Felsefi Yaklaşımlar-Açılımlar Sempozyumu Açılış Konuşması. In A. Çakmak (Ed.), Düşünen Sivil Toplum: Felsefi Yaklaşımlar-Açılımlar (pp. 5–10). İstanbul: Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı Yay.
Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı (2017), Turizm İstatistikleri. Retrieved from http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,9854/sinir-giris-cikis-istatistikleri.html
Marzano, G., & Scott, N. (2009). Power in Destination Branding. Annals of Tourism Research, 36(2), 247–267. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.01.004
Mccartney, G., Butler, R., & Bennett, M. (2008). A Strategic Use of the Communication Mix in the Destination Image-Formation Process. Journal of Travel Research, 47(2), 183–196. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287508321201
Niray, N., & Deniz, Ş. (2007). Baskı Grupları ve Lobicilik. In B. Gültekin & L. Budak (Eds.), Ermeni, Rum, Yahudi Lobileri Örneğinde Lobicilik Kavramlarına Giriş (1. Basım, pp. 5–30). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Park, S. Y., & Petrick, J. F. (2006). Destinations’ perspectives of branding. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 262–265. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.10.007
Park, Y. A., & Gretzel, U. (2007). Success Factors for Destination Marketing Web Sites: A Qualitative MetaAnalysis. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 46–63. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507302381
Purtaş, F. (2013). Türk Dış Politikasının Yükselen Değeri : Kültürel Diplomasi. Akademik Bakış, 7(13), 1–14.
Sunar, İ. (1999). Sivil Toplum ve İslamiyet (Çev. Ahmet Fethi). In E. Özdalga & S. Persson (Eds.), Sivil Toplum, Demokrasi ve İslam Dünyası (pp. 11–21). İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları,.
Talas, M. (2011). Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları ve Türkiye Persfektifi. Türklük Bilimi Araştırmaları (TÜBAR), Bahar(29), 387–401.
Uçaktürk, T. (2008). Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları ve E-Demokrasi. In Ş. A. Akdemir, Ali, Kirtiş, Kazım, Marangoz, Mehmet, Örnek (Ed.), V.Uluslararası Sivil Toplum Kuruluşları Kongresi (pp. 55–63). Çanakkale: Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Aynalı Gazetecilik ve Matbaacılık.
Ünlüsoy, E. (2006). Avrupa Birliginde Lobicilik Sivil Toplum Uygulamalari Örnegi (Olay İncelemesi). Ankara Üniversitesi.
von Friedrichs Grängsjö, Y., & Gummesson, E. (2006). Hotel networks and social capital in destination marketing. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 17(1), 58–75. http://doi.org/10.1108/09564230610651589
Wang, Y. (2008). Collaborative destination marketing: Roles and strategies of convention and visitors bureaus. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 14(3), 191–209. http://doi.org/10.1177/1356766708090582
Wang, Y., & Xiang, Z. (2007). Toward a Theoretical Framework of Collaborative Destination Marketing. Journal of Travel Research, 46(August), 75–85. http://doi.org/10.1177/0047287507302384
World Tourism Organization (2017), UNWTO Annual Report 2016. Retrieved from www.unwto.org.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (3rd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
Yüksel, A., Mil, B., & Bilim, Y. (2007). Nitel Araştırma: Neden, Nasıl, Niçin? Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Yüksel, S., & Tayfun, A. (2003). Turistik Amaçlı Bölgesel Tanıtımda Baskı Gruplarının Koordinasyonu ve Lobi Faaliyetleri. Ticaret ve Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 1, 146–165.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.