Gıda Güvenliğinde Sosyal İstenirlik Ölçeği: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması (Social Desirability Scale in Food Safety: A Scale Development Study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2020.742Keywords:
Social desirability scale, Food safety, Confirmatory factor analysis, Exploratory factor analysis, Scale developmentAbstract
The aim of this research is to develop the Social Desirability Scale in food safety. Within the scope of the research, 8 of the 5-star hotels in Belek region were determined by purposeful sampling technique. The questionnaire technique was used as the data collection technique, and a total of 351 kitchen and F&B employees were reached. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the scale yielded 3 factors consisting of 20 items. The fit index values which obtained from confirmatory factor analysis showed that the social desirability model fitted well. The factor loads of the scale range between .406 and .898. The Cronbach Alpha value of the scale is .821 for the whole scale, .867 for positive self-deception, .844 for impression management, and .907 for a negative self-deception factor. According to these results, it can be said that the Social Desirability Scale developed for Food Safety is a valid and reliable measurement tool.
References
Akarçay, E., & Suğur, N. (2015). Dışarıda yemek: Eskişehir'de yeni orta sınıfın fast-food yeme-içme örüntüleri. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 18(1), 1-29.
Akın, A. (2010). İki boyutlu sosyal istenirlik ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin araştırılması. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(3), 771-784.
Alpar, R. (2012). Uygulamalı istatistik ve geçerlik-güvenirlik (2. Basım). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Bensch, D., Paulhus, D. L., Stankov, L., & Ziegler, M. (in press). Teasing apart overclaiming, overconfidence, and socially desirable responding. Assessment, 1-13. Doi: 10.1177/1073191117700268.
Brown-Iannuzzi, J. L., Najle, M. B., & Gervais, W. M. (2018). The illusion of political tolerance: Social desirability and self-reported voting preferences. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(3), 364-373. Doi: 10.1177/1948550618760147
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri ve analizi el kitabı: istatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (1. Basım). Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960). A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24(4), 349-354. Doi: 10.1037/h0047358
Cüceloglu, D. (2016). İnsan ve davranışı (28. Basım). İstanbul: Remzi Kitapevi.
De Vellis R. F. (2003). Scale development: Theory and applications (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage Publications.
Edwards, A. L. (1957). Social desirability and probability of endorsement of items in the interpersonal check list. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55(3), 394–396. Doi:10.1037/h0048497
Ellingson, J. E., Smith, D. B., & Sackett, P. R. (2001). Investigating the influence of social desirability on personality factor structure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 122-133. Doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.86.1.122
Ewert, A., & Galloway, G. (2009). Socially desirable responding in an environmental context: Development of a domain specific scale. Environmental Education Research, 15(1), 55-70. Doi: 10.1080/13504620802613504
Fisher, R. J. (1993). Social desirability bias and the validity of indirect questioning. Journal of consumer research, 20(2), 303-315. Doi: 10.1086/209351
Güzeller, C. O., & Doğru, M. (2012). Development of science anxiety scale for primary school students. Social indicators research, 109(2), 189-202. Doi: 10.1007/sl 1205-011-9894-6
Hammoudi, A., Grazia, C., Surry, Y., & Traversac, J. B. (Eds.). (2015). Food safety, market organization, trade and development. Switzerland: Springer.
Healey, J. (2016). Food safety. (1st ed.) Sydney: The Spinney Press.
Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: A multidisciplinary journal, 6(1), 1-55. Doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
Jespersen, L., MacLaurin, T., & Vlerick, P. (2017). Development and validation of a scale to capture social desirability in food safety culture. Food Control, 82, 42-47. Doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.010
Kaminski, K., Felfe, J., Schäpers, P., & Krumm, S. (2019). A closer look at response options: Is judgment in situational judgment tests a function of the desirability of response options?. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(1), 72-82. Doi: 10.1111/ijsa.12233
King, M. F., & Bruner, G. C. (2000). Social desirability bias: A neglected aspect of validity testing. Psychology & Marketing, 17(2), 79-103. Doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(200002)17:2<79::AID-MAR2>3.0.CO;2-0
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Methodology in the social sciences. (2nd ed.) New York: The Guildford Press.
Knowles, T. (2002). Food safety in the hospitality industry. (1st ed.) London: Routledge.
Koçak, N. (2010). Yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde gıda ve personel hijyeni (3. Basım). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Krumpal, I. (2013). Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: A literature review. Quality & Quantity, 47(4), 2025-2047. Doi: 10.1007/s11135-011-9640-9
Kwan, V. S., John, O. P., Kenny, D. A., Bond, M. H., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Reconceptualizing individual differences in self-enhancement bias: An interpersonal approach. Psychological review, 111(1), 94. Doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.94
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row.
Matthews, K. R. (2014). Food safety: A global perspective. In R. Bhat & V. Gomez-Lopez (Eds.), Practical Food Safety: Contemporary Issues and Future Directions, (1st ed., pp.1-9). New York: John Wiley & Sons. Doi: 10.1002/9781118474563.ch1
Meehl, P. E., & Hathaway, S. R. (1946). The K factor as a suppressor variable in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 30(5), 525-564. Doi: 10.1037/h0053634
Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985). A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non‐normal Likert variables. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 38(2), 171-189. Doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00832.x
Nederhof, A. J. (1985). Methods of coping with social desirability bias: A review. European journal of social psychology, 15(3), 263-280. Doi: 0.1002/ejsp.2420150303
Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C., & Reiss, A. D. (1996). Role of social desirability in personality testing for personnel selection: The red herring. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(6), 660-679. Doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.81.6.660
Paulhus, D. L. (1984). Two-component models of socially desirable responding. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46(3), 598-609. Doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.598
Paulhus, D. L. (1991). Measurement and control of response bias. In J. P. Robinson, P. R. Shaver, & L. S. Wrightsman (Eds.), Measures of social psychological attitudes, Vol. 1. Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (p. 17–59). Oxford: Gulf Professional Publishing.
Paulhus, D. L. (2002). Socially desirable responding: The evolution of a construct. In H. Braun, D. N. Jackson, & D. E. Wiley (Eds.). The role of constructs in psychological and educational measurement (pp. 49 – 69). USA: Erlbaum.
Ramswamy, V. B. (2015). Ethical values of food safety. In Food Security and Food Safety for the Twenty-first Century (pp. 33-44)., Singapore: Springer
Raspor, P., Jevšnik, M., & Ambrožič, M. (2016). Food safety systems. In Food Safety (pp. 3-31). Cham: Springer.
Richman, W. L., Kiesler, S., Weisband, S., & Drasgow, F. (1999). A meta-analytic study of social desirability distortion in computer-administered questionnaires, traditional questionnaires, and interviews. Journal of applied psychology, 84(5), 754-775. Doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.84.5.754
Sackeim, H. A., & Gur, R. C. (1978). Self-deception, self-confrontation and consciousness. In G. E. Schwartz & D. Shapiro (Eds.), Consciousness and self-regulation: Advances in research (pp.139-197). New York: Plenum Press.
Schmidt, R. H., & Rodrick, G. E. (2003). Food safety handbook. (28th ed.) New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2004). (2nd ed.). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş: Temel ilkeler ve LISREL uygulamaları. (1. Basım). Ankara: Ekinoks.
Williams, M. M., Rogers, R., Sharf, A. J., & Ross, C. A. (2019). Faking good: An investigation of social desirability and defensiveness in an inpatient sample with personality disorder traits. Journal of personality assessment, 101(3), 253-263. Doi: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1455691
Yousefi, B., Hassani, Z., & Shokri, O. (2009). Reliability and factor validity of the 7-item social physique anxiety scale (SPAS-7) among university students in Iran. World Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(3), 201-204.
Tayar, M., & Kılıç, V. (2014). Gıda endüstrisinde hijyen ve sanitasyon. (1. Basım). Bursa: Dora Yayınevi.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Tavşancıl, E. (2006). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS veri analizi. (3. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
Tezbaşaran, A. (1997). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. (1. Baskı). Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği.
Webb, M. (2015). Overview of food safety standards. In food safety, market organization, trade and development (pp. 45-58). Cham: Springer.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
