Analysis of Ankara as a Touristic Destination in Terms of Its Cognitive and Affective Image Components
Keywords:
Tourism, Destination Marketing, Destination Image, Cognitive Image, Affective Image, AnkaraAbstract
Main purpose of this study is to reveal foreign tourists’ thoughts and feelings about
Ankara city as a touristic destination. Other purposes are; to determine if cognitive and
affective images perceived by tourists vary according to demographical characteristics
(age, nationality, employment) and information sources factor. As an implementation area
for this study; Turkey’s capital Ankara is chosen and 390 foreign tourists visiting Ankara
are interviewed with. As data collection instrument, survey forms are used within the
scope of this study. Using a computer aided statistics programme in analysis of collected
data; percentage, frequency, Cronbach alpha, ANOVA, t test are used. As a result of the
analyses done; it is determined that cognitive image shows a significant difference
according to age of tourists, employment status, nationality and affective image varies
according to tourists’ nationalities. When cognitive assessments are reviewed, tourists
stated that people of Ankara are “interesting and friendly people”, Ankara has “interesting
historical attractions” and Ankara also has “good climate”. When affective considerations
of tourists are analyzed, it can be said that they found Ankara “pleasant, arousing, relaxing
and exciting”.
References
Aksoy, R. & Kiyci, Ş. (2011). A Destination Image As a
Type of Image and Measuring Destination Image in
Tourism: Amasra Case. European Journal of Social
Sciences, 20 (3), 479-488.
Altunışık, R., Coşkun, R., Bayraktaroğlu, S. & Yıldırım, E.
(2005). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS
Uygulamalı. Sakarya: Sakarya Kitabevi.
Baloglu, S. (1997). The Relationship Between Destination
Images and Sociodemographic And Trip Characteristics
of International Travelers. Journal of Vacation
Marketing, 3(3), 221–233.
Baloglu, S., & Brinberg, D. (1997). Affective Images of
Tourism Destination. Journal of Travel Research, 35(4),
–15.
Baloglu, S., & Mangaloglu, M. (2001). Tourism Destination
Images of Turkey, Egypt, Greece, and Italy as Perceived
by US-based Tour Operators and Travel Agencies.
Tourism Management, 22 (1), 1-9.
Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A Model of
Destination Image Formation. Annals of Tourism
Research, 26 (4), 868-897.
Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004a). Factors Influencing
Destination Image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3),
-681.
Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004b). Tourists‘ Characteristics
and the Perceived Image of Tourist Destinations: A
Quantitative Analysis- A Case Study of Lanzarote, Spain.
Tourism Management, 25, 623–636.
Burkart, A. J., & Medlik, S. (1981). Tourism: Past, Present
and Future. London: Heinmann.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz,
Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri.
Ankara:: Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
Ceylan, S. (2011). Destinasyon Marka İmajı ve Pamukkale
Yöresinde Bir Uygulama. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari
İncelemeler Dergisi, 4(7), 89-102.
Chon, K. S. (1990). The role of destination image in tourism:
A review and discussion. The Tourist Review, 45(2), 2-9.
Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. (2003). The Meaning and
Measurement of Destination Image. Journal of Tourism
Studies, 14(1), 37–48.
Elliot, S. (2008). A Comparative Analysis of Tourism
Destination Image and Product- Country Image. Ottawa:
Carleton University (Unpublished Doctoral Thesis).
Ersun, N., & K., A. (2011). Turizmde Destinasyon Seçimini
Etkileyen Temel Unsurlar ve Pazarlama Stratejileri.
Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi
Dergisi, 31(2), 229–248.
Fakeye, P. C., & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Image differences
between prospective, first time, and repeat visitors to the
Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research,
, 10-16.
Gartner, W. C. (1993). Image Formation Process. J. Journal
of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2(2), 191-215.
Gunn, C. (1989). Tourism Planning. San Francisco: Taylor
and Francis.
Hacıoğlu, N. (. (2008). Turizm Pazarlaması (6. b.). Ankara:
Nobel Yayıncılık.
Hosany, S., Y., E., & Uysal, M. (2006). Destination Image
and Destination Personality: An Application of Branding
Theories to Tourism Places. Journal of Business
Research, 59(5), 638-642.
İlban, M. (2008). Seyahat Acenta Yöneticilerinin
Destinasyon Marka İmajı Algıları Üzerine Bir Araştırma.
Ege Akademik Bakış, 8(1), 121-152.
Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (15. b.).
Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Kim, H., & Richardson, S. L. (2003). Motion picture impacts
on destination images. Annals of Tourism Research,
(1), 216-237.
Kozak, R. (2003). Turistik Çekim Merkezi olarak Türkiye
İmajı: İki Asya Pasifik Ülkesi (Avusturalya ve Yeni
Zelanda Seyahat Aracıları Temsilcileri Üzerine Bir
Araştırma). Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi,,
(2), 141-149.
M.G., G., Saura, I., & Garcıa, H. (2002). Destination Image:
Towars a Conceptual Framework. Annals of Tourism
Research, 29(1), 56-78.
MacKay, K., & Fesenmaier, D. (1997). Pictorial Element of
Destination in Image Formation. Annals of Tourism
Research, 24(2), 537-565.
Mao, I. (2010). Destination Image Building: The Influence
on Destination Preference, Satisfaction and Loyalty of
Chinese Tourists to Australia. Hong Kong: Polytechnic
University ,Hotel and Tourism Management
(Unpublished master's thesis).
Medlik, S. (1993). Dictionary of Travel,Tourism and
Hospitality. . Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Meydan Uygur, S. (2007). Turizm Pazarlaması. Ankara:
Nobel yayıncılık.
Middleton, V. T. (1993). Marketing in Travel and Tourism.
Oxford: Butterworth – Heinemann.
Öter, Z., & Özdogan, O. (2005). Kültür Amaçlı Seyahat
Eden Turistlerde Destinasyon İmajı: Selçuk-Efes Örneği.
Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(2), 127-138.
Özdemir, G. (2007). Destinasyon Yönetimi ve Pazarlama
Temelleri İçin Bir Destinasyon Model Önerisi. İzmir:
Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
(Basılmamış Doktora Tezi).
Öztürk, Y. (2013). Destinasyon Tanımı ve Özellikleri.
Destinasyon Yönetimi (Editör: Yeşiltaş, M.). içinde
Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Pike, S. ( 2004). Destination Marketing Organizations.
Oxford: Elsevier.
Pike, S. (2002). Destination Image Analysis: A Review of
Papers from 1973-2000. Tourism Management,
(5), 541-549.
Qu, H., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A model of
destination branding: Integrating the concepts of the
branding and destination image. Tourism Management,
(3), 465-476.
Rızaoğlu, B. (2003). Turizm Davranışı. Ankara: Detay
Yayıncılık.
Sahin, S. (2008). Brand personality and destination image of
Istanbul : A comparison across nationality. Las Vegas:
University of Nevada, Harrah College of Hotel
Administration (Unpublished master's thesis).
Sahin, S., & Baloglu, S. (2011). Brand personality and
destination image of Istanbul. Anatolia - An International
Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(1), 69–
Stabler, M. (1993). The Image of Destination Regions:
Theoretical and Empirical Aspects. B. Goodall, & G.
Ashworth içinde, Marketing in the Tourism Industry :The
Promotion of Destination Regions. UK: Routledge.
Şahbaz, R. P., & Kılıçlar, A. (2009). Filmlerin ve Televizyon
Dizilerinin Destinasyon İmajına Etkileri. İşletme
Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 31-52.
Tarakçıoğlu, S., & Aydın, İ. (2003). Yunanistan, İtalya ve
Mısır Ülkelerinin İmajlarının Türkiye’de Faaliyet
Gösteren A Grubu Seyahat Acenteleri Tarafından
Algılanması: Ampirik Bir Uygulama. Ticaret ve Turizm
Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(3), 166-189.
Tunç, A. (2003). Dünya’daki Türkiye İmajının Turizm
Sektörüne Etkisi ve Bir Uygulama. Ticaret ve Turizm
Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(1), 38-54.
Üner, M. M., Güçer, E., & Taşçı, A. (2006). Türkiye
Turizminde Yükselen Destinasyon Olarak İstanbul
Şehrinin İmajı. Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi,
(2), 189-201.
Yaraşlı, G. Y. (2007). Destinasyon İmajı ve Trabzon
Yöresine Yönelik Bir Çalışma. . Ankara: Başkent
Üniversitesi (Basılmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi).
Yazıcıoğlu, Y., & Erdoğan, S. (2004). SPSS Uygulamalı
Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay
Yayıncılık.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
