Tourism Promises Expressed during Election Campaigns and the Relevant Actions Taken After the General Elections
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2019.428Keywords:
Tourism, Political party, Law, Actions, Tourism policyAbstract
The present study concerns itself with the promises regarding tourism, expressed by political parties in their party programs or elections manifestos, as well the bills made into laws by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (GNAT). Tourism revenues recorded after the general elections, and the relevant actions taken by political parties have been studied. In this study, literature was reviewed. And then data on the promises of political parties and their post-election activities were collected from the sources kept in the archives of the GNAT located in Ankara. Further, Information on tourism-related developments was accessed through the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Five Year Development Plans. In this context, the data was evaluated and the study was concluded. The study demonstrates that political parties began to attach importance to tourism after the general election of 1983. It has been observed that the parties underlined their promise to further develop tourism. However national and international crises had negative impact on tourism. These crises prevented political parties from reaching their goals. It has been concluded that the primary objective in developing tourism was to make contributions to the country’s economy. It has been established that governments led by the Motherland Party (MP) and later, the Justice and Development Party (JDP) did more to develop tourism than any other government.
References
Aktüel, 2002. Seçmenin El Kitabı, Bütün Partilerin Seçim Bildirgeleri, TBMM Kütüphanesi, Ankara.(AktüelMagazine, 2002. Voter’s handbook; election manifestos of all parties. )
Demokratik Sol Parti 1999 Seçim Bildirgesi, 1999. (DLP, 1999.Democratic Left Party 1999 election bulletin).
Erkmen A. (2017). Türkiye’de Siyasi Partilerin Genel Seçim Propagandaları ve Seçim Sonrası Faaliyetleri (1983-2007), (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı, Kahramanmaraş.(Erkmen, A. 2017.Political parties’ general election propaganda and post-election activities in Turkey (1983-2007), (PhD Dissertation), KahramanmaraşSütçü İmam University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of History, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.)
(GNAT, Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Parliament Reports 2003. 22nd Term, 8th Volume, 1st Legislative Year, 52nd Assembly, GNAT Printing House, Ankara. (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Tutanak Dergisi, 2003. 22. Dönem, 8. C., 1. Yasama Yılı, 52. Bileşim, TBMM Matbaası, Ankara).
GNAT,1995.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin.40: 1-30.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 1995, S.40, 1-30).
GNAT,1997.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 57:1-44. (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 1997, S. 57,1-44).
GNAT,1999.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin,72: 1-24. (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 1997, S. 57,1-44).
GNAT, 2004.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 103:1-50. (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2004, S. 103, 1-50).
GNAT,2004.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 108: 1-49. (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2004, S. 108, 1-49).
GNAT,2004.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 110: 1-65.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2004, S. 110, 1-65).
GNAT,2005.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 119: 1-76.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2005, S. 119, 1-76).
GNAT,2007.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin,138: 1-72.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2007, S. 138, 1-72).
GNAT, 2007.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 139: 1-73.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2007, S. 139, 1-73).
GNAT,2008.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 145: 1-61.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2008, S.145, 1-61).
GNAT, 2009.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliamentbulletin, 153: 1-64.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2009, S.153, 1-64).
GNAT,2011.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament Bulletin, 170: 98-108.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 2011, S.170, 98-108).
GNAT, The Grand National Assembly of Turkey LawsJournal, 18th Term, Records Volume: 72.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Kanunlar 18. Dönem, Dergisi Cilt: 72).
GNAT, The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, LawsJournal, 17th Term, Parliament Law Records Volume 67. (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Kanunlar 17. Dönem, Kanunlar Dergisi Cilt: 67).
GNAT,The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Parliament Reports, 24thTerm, 6thAssembly, Volume 1.GNAT Printing House, Ankara.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Tutanak Dergisi, 24. Dönem, 6. Bileşim, Cilt 1.TBMM Matbaası, Ankara).
GNAT,1991.Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, .9: 12-20.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 1991, S.9, 12-20).
GNAT,1993. Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 22: 4-10.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 1993, S. 22, 4-10).
GNAT,1993. Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin.28:12-20.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 1993, S. 28, 12-20).
GNAT,1994. Grand National Assembly of Turkey Parliament bulletin, 34: 1-30.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, Meclis Bülteni, 1994, S. 34, 1-30).
JDP, 2002.Justice and Development Party program.(Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi Programı, 2002).
JDP, 2007.Justice and Development Party, election manifesto.(Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi Seçim Beyannamesi, 2007).
Kozak, N., Kozak, M. and M. Kozak. 2001.General tourism. Ankara: Detay Publishing.(Kozak, N., Kozak, M. ve
Kozak, M., 2001. Genel Turizm. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık).
MilliyetNewspaper, 5 December 1995. p. 15, Turkey. (Milliyet, 5 Aralık 1995,s. 15).
MilliyetPewspaper, 4 December 1995. p. 15,Turkey.(Milliyet, 4 Aralık1995, s.15).
MP, 1983.Motherland Party 6 November 1983 election manifesto.(Anavatan Partisi 6 Kasım 1983 Seçim Beyannamesi, 1983).
MP, 1987.Motherland Party election manifesto.(Anavatan Partisi Seçim Beyannamesi, 1987).
MP, 1991.Motherland Party election manifesto.(Anavatan Partisi Seçim Beyannamesi, 1991).
MP, PP and NDP, (1983).Motherland Party, Populist Party and Nationalist Democracy Party election manifestoses.(Anavatan Partisi, Halkçı Parti, Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi Seçim Beyannameleri 1983).
NDP,1983.Nationalist Democracy Party program.(Milliyetçi Demokrasi Partisi Programı, 1983).
NMP, 2007.Nationalist Movement Party election manifesto. (Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi Seçim Beyannamesi, 2007).
PP, 1983.Populist Party program.(Halkçı Parti Programı, 1983).
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism,2018. http://www.ktbyatirimisletmeler.gov.tr/belge/1-38683/turizm-istatistikleri.html (01.05.2018). (T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, 2018.
http://www.ktbyatirimisletmeler.gov.tr/belge/1-38683/turizm-istatistikleri.html (01.05.2018).).
RPP, 2002.Republican People's Party election bulletin, (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Seçim Bildirgesi, 2002).
RPP, 2004.Republican People's Party Party program.(Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Programı, 2004).
SDPP, 1985.Social Democratic Populist Party program. (Sosyal Demokrat Halkçı Parti Programı, 1985).
SDPP, 1990.Social Democratic Populist Party constitution-program and group regulations.(Sosyal Demokrat Halkçı Parti Tüzük-Program ve Grup İçi Yönetmeliği, 1990. TBMM, Yayınları).
SPO (State Planning Organization) 1995.Seventh five year development plan (1996-2000) Ankara, p.162.Availableonline at: http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (01.05.2018).[DPT, 1995.
Yedinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı (1996-2000) Ankara, ss.162.
http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (01.05.2018).].
SPO (State Planning Organization) 2000. Eighth Five year development plan (2001-2005) Ankara, p.167. Availableonline at: http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (01.05.2018).[DPT, 2000.
Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı (2001-2005) Ankara, ss.167.
http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (01.05.2018).].
SPO (State Planning Organization) 2006.Ninth five year development plan (2007-2013) Ankara, pp.81-82,Availableonline, http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (01.09.2016).[DPT, 2006.
Dokuzuncu Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı (2007-2013) Ankara, ss.81-82. http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (01.09.2016).].
SPO (State Planning Organization)1989. Sixth five year development plan (1990-1994) Ankara, pp.281-282. Availableonline at: http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (01.05.2018).[DPT, 1989. Altıncı Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı (1990-1994) Ankara, ss.281-282 http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr/Pages/KalkinmaPlanlari.aspx (01.05.2018).].
Tekindağ, M. 2013. The tourism support policies of the european union and a case study on the perceptions of the major actors that influence the tourism policy in Turkey (PhD Dissertation). Gazi University, Institute of Education Sciences, Ankara. (Tekindağ, M., 2013. Avrupa Birliği Turizm Destek Politikaları ve Türkiye Turizm Politikalarına Yön Verenlerin Algıları Üzerine Bir Uygulama (Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara).
The Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Parliament Reports, 19thTerm, Volume 95, GNAT Printing House, Ankara.(Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Tutanak Dergisi,19. Dönem, Cilt 95, TBMM Matbaası, Ankara).
TPP, 1991.True Path Party election bulletin, Ankara.(Doğru Yol Partisi Seçim Bildirgesi, 1991).
True Path Party (1987).True Path Party Election Manifesto, Ankara.(Doğru Yol Partisi Seçim Beyannamesi, 1987).
Virtue Party (1999).Virtue Party Election Manifesto, Ankara.(Fazilet Partisi Seçim Beyannamesi, 1999).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.