Olumsuz Deneyimler Unutulmaz Gastronomik Deneyimler Ölçeğinin (UGD) Bir Boyutu Olmalı Mı? Farklı Kültürler Üzerinde Bir Doğrulama Çalışması (Should Adverse Experiences Be a Part of Memorable Gastronomic Experience (MGE) Scale: A Cross-Cultural Validation)

Authors

  • Duygu YÖNEL
  • Onur ÇAKIR

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1161

Keywords:

Tourism experiences, Memorable gastronomy experience, Scale validation, Adverse experiences

Abstract

There are different views in the literature on how memorable gastronomic experiences (MGE), which has a multidimensional structure, should be measured. The biggest disagreement is over whether adverse experiences should be part of the MGE scale. In this study, we aimed to verify whether the memorable gastronomic experiences scale, which is one of the most recent scales that includes adverse experiences and developed by Adongo, Anuga & Dayour (2015) to measure MGE, is a valid and reliable scale and to determine whether the adverse experiences dimension should be a part of MGE. For this purpose, data were collected through surveys conducted on 517 tourists from four different nationalities who visited Izmir, and face and content validity, construct validity, discriminant validity, predictive validity and reliability of the scale items were tested. The predictive validity was tested by associating with the most frequently used variables in the literature, destination satisfaction and behavioral intentions. As a result, it has been determined that adverse experiences should not be considered as a sub-dimension of the MGE scale and that adverse gastronomic experiences should be considered as an independent variable that negatively affects overall destination satisfaction.

References

Adongo, C. A., Anuga, S. W. & Dayour, F. (2015). Will they tell others to taste? International tourists' experience of Ghanaian cuisines. Tourism Management Perspectives, 15, 57-64.

Anton, C., Camarero, C., Laguna, M. & Buhalis, D. (2019). Impact of authenticity, degree of adaptation and cultural contrast on travellers memorable gastronomy experiences. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 28(7), 743-764.

Babolian-Hendijani, R. (2016). Effect of food experience on tourist satisfaction: the case of Indonesia. International Journal of Culture, Toursim and Hospitality Research, 272-282.

Badu-Baiden, F., Kim, S. S., Xiao, H. & Kim, J. (2022). Understanding Tourists’ memorable local food experiences and their consequences: The moderating role of food destination, neophobia and previous tasting experience. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(4), 1515-1542.

Badu- Baiden, F. (2021). Memorable Local Food Tourısm Experıences and Theır Effects on Attıtudınal and Behavıoral Consequences. Doktora Tezi. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.

Balıkoğlu, A., Kılıç, S. N. & Bozok, D. (2020). Duyusal deneyim memnuniyeti ve yöresel yiyecek deneyimi arasındaki ilişki ve değişkenlerin davranışsal niyet üzerindeki etkisi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 8(2), 1334-1361.

Berbel-Pineda, J. M., Palacios-Florencioa, B., Ramírez-Hurtadob, J. M. & Santos-Roldánc, L. (2019). Gastronomic experience as a factor of motivation in the tourist movements. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 18, 1-10.

Bir, E. (1999). Turizmde Tüketici Davranışı ve Tatil Yeri Seçimine Yönelik Bir Anket Çalışması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.

Birch, D. & Memery, J. (2020). Tourist, local food and the intention-behaviour gap. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 53-61.

Björk, P. & Kauppinen-Räisänen, H. (2014). Culinary-gastronomic tourism - A search for local food experiences. Nutrition & Food Science, 44(4), 294-309.

Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2013). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.

Chandralal, L., Rindfleish, J. & Valenzuela, F. (2015). An application of travel blog narratives to explore memorable tourism experiences. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 20(6), 680-693.

Chi, C. G.-Q., Chua, B. L., Othman, M. & Karim, S. A. (2013). Investigating the structural relationships between food ımage, food satisfaction, culinary quality, and behavioral ıntentions: The case of Malaysia. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 99-120.

Coudounaris, D. N. & Sthapit, E. (2017). Antecedents ofmemorable tourism experience related to behavioral intentions. Psychol Mark, 1084–1093.

Craik, F. I. & Lockhart, R. S. (1972). Levels of Processing: A framework for memory research. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 11(6), 671-684.

Çaylak-Dönmez, Ö. (2020). Gastronomik Etkinliklerde Turistlerin Coğrafi İşaretli Ürün Deneyimi, Memnuniyet ve Davranışsal Niyete Etkisi: Adana Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gaziantep Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Gaziantep.

Ekici, A. (2020). Eskişehir'e Gelen Ziyaretçilerin Yöresel Gastronomi Tercih ve Deneyimlerinin Gelecek Niyetine Etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Eskişehir.

Fornell, C. & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.

Freitas Coelho, M., Sevilha Gosling, M. & Almeida, A. S. A. (2018). Tourism experiences: Core processes of memorable trips. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 37, 11–22.

Friedgen, J. D. (1991). Dimensions of Tourism. Michigan.

Gardner, M. P. (1983). “Advertising effects on attributes recalled and criteria used for brand evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(3), 310-318.

Hair, F. J., Black, C. W. & Babin, J. B. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective. New York: Pearson Education.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M. & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 115-135.

Hosany, S., Sthapit, E. & Björk, P. (2022). Memorable tourism experience: A review and research agenda. Psychology & Marketing, 39, 1467–1486.

Hosseini, S., Macias, R. C. & Garcia, F. A. (2021). Memorable tourism experience research: a systematic review of the literature, Tourism Recreation Research, 1-15.

Horng, J. S. & Tsai, C. T. (2010). Government websites for promoting east asian culinary tourism: A cross-national analysis. Tourism Management, 31, 74-85.

Işkın, M. (2021). Turistlerin gastronomi deneyimlerinin demografik özelliklerine göre belirlenmesi. Journal of Tourism Intelligence and Smartness, 4(2), 256-269.

Jokom, R., Widjaja, D. C., Kriskanti, M. & Wijaya, S. (2020). Local Indonesian Food in the Eyes of Domestic Tourists: Culinary and Destination Experinces on Behavioural İntentions. 30. EBES Conference Kuala Lumpur, 69.

Kauppinen-Räisänen, H., Gummerus, J. & Lehtola, K. (2013), Remembered eating experiences described by the self, place, food, context and time, British Food Journal, 115(5), 666-685.

Kesici, M. & Çakır, O. (2020). Gastronomik çekiciliklerin destinasyon memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkisi. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(1), 227-242.

Keskin, E., Sezen, N. & Dağ, T. (2020). Turistik seyahatlerde unutulmaz yemek deneyiminin davranışsal niyete etkisi: Gaziantep örneği. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(4), 3632-3648.

Kim, J. H. (2009). Development of A Scale to Measure Memorable Tourism Experiences. Doktora Tez, Indiana University. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/2022/8786/Kim_indiana_0093A_10 479.pdf;jsessionid=8C454A125BBB22B4AD257F694EE912A2?sequence=1

Kim, Y. G., Eves, A. & Scarles, C. (2009). Building a model of local food consumption on trips and holidays: A grounded theory approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 423-431.

Kim, J.‐H. (2013). A cross‐cultural comparison of memorable tourism experiences of American and Taiwanese college students. Anatolia, 24(3), 337–351.

Kim, J.-H., Ritchie, J. R. & McCormick, B. (2012). Development of a scale to measure measure memorable tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 51(1), 12-25.

Kim, J. H. & Ritchie, J. B. (2014). Cross-cultural validation of a memorable tourism experience scale (MTES). Journal of Travel Research, 53(3), 323-335.

Kim, S. & Choe, J. Y. (2018). Testing an attribute-benefit-value-intention (ABVI) model of local food consumption as perceived by foreign tourist. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(1), 123-140.

Kim, J.‐H. (2022). Destination attributes affecting negative memory: Scale development and validation. Journal of Travel Research, 61(2), 331–345

Kim, Y. G. & Eves, A. (2012). Construction and validation of a scale to measure tourist motivation to consume local food. Tourism Management, 33, 1458-1467.

Kivela, J. & Crotts, J. C. (2006). Tourism and Gastronomy: Gastronomy's ınfluence on how tourists experience a destination. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 354-377.

Kozak, M. (2018). Bilimsel Araştırma: Tasarım, Yazım ve Yayım Teknikleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.

Lai, I. K. (2020). An examination of satisfaction on word of mouth regarding Portuguese foods in Macau: Applying the concept of integrated satisfaction. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 100-110.

Lertputtarak, S. (2012). The Relationship between Destination Image, Food Image, and Revisiting Pattaya, Thailand. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(5), 111-122.

Lin, Y.-C., Pearson, T. E. & Cai, L. A. (2009). Food as a form of destination identity: A tourism destination brand perspective. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 30-48.

Mason, M. C. & Paggiaro, A. (2012). Investigating the role of festivalscape in culinary tourism: The case of food and wine events. Tourism Management, 33(6), 1329-1336.

Mohamed, M. E., Hewedi, M. M., Lehto, X. & Maayouf, M. (2020). Egyptian food experience of international visitors: a multidimensional approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(8), 2593-2611.

Nield, K., Kozak, M. & LeGrys, G. (2000). The role of food service in tourist satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 19, 375-384.

Olcay, A., Karacıl, G. & Sürme, M. (2019). 2824 Hatırlanır turizm deneyimini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesine yönelik bir araştırma . Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 2824-2838.

Ölmez, Z. D. (2017). Gastronomi Turizminde Yerli Ziyaretçilerin Yöresel Yiyeceklere Yönelik Unutulmaz Deneyimlerinin Davranışsal Niyetleri Üzerine Etkisi: Seferihisar Örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Balıkesir.

Özdemir, G. & Altıner, D. D. (2019). Gastronomi kavramları ve gastronomi turizmi üzerine bir inceleme. Erzincan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(1), 1-14.

Piramanayagam, S., Sud, S. & Seal, P. P. (2020). Relationship Between tourists local food experiencescape satisfaction and behavioual intention. Anatolia, 1-16.

Quan, S. & Wang, N. (2004). Towards a structural model of the tourist experience: An illustration from food experiences in tourism. Tourism Management, 25, 297-305.

Robinson, R. N. & Clifford, C. (2012). Authenticity and festival foodservice experiences. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 571-600.

Roozbeh, B. H., Ng, I. S. & Boo, H. C. (2013). Effect of food experience on overall satisfaction: comparison between first-time and repeat visitors to Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 20(1), 141-146.

Sanchez-Canizares, S. M. & Lopez-Guzman, T. (2012). Gastronomy as a tourism resource: profile of the culinary tourist. Current Issues in Tourism, 15(3), 229-245.

Sims, R. (2009). Food, Place and Authenticity: Local Food and the Sustainable Tourism Experience. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(3), 321-336.

Stone, M. J., Soulard, J., Migacz, S. & Wolf, E. (2018). Elements of memorable food, drink, and culinary tourism experiences. Journal of Travel Research, 57(8), 1121-1132.

Sthapit, E. (2013). Tourists' Perceptions of Memorable Experiences: Testing the Memorable Tourism Experince Scale (MTEs) Among Tourists to Rovaniemi, Lapland. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Lapland.

Sthapit, E. (2018). Is there more to the effects of tourists’ local food consumption on post-consumption behaviour? Anatolia, 29(4), 614-614.

Sthapit, E. (2017). Memories of gastronomic experiences, savoured positive emotions and savouring processes. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism.

Sthapit, E., Björk, P. & Coudounaris, D. N. (2017). Emotions elicited by local food consumption, memories, place attachment and behavioural intentions. Anatolia, 28(3), 363-380.

Sultan, M. T., Sharmin, F. & Xue, K. (2019). Sharing tourism experience through social media: Consumer's behavioral ıntention for destination choice. International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation, 13(2), 129-133.

Tsai, C.-T. (. (2016). Memorable tourist experiences and place attachment when consuming local food. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18, 536-548.

Tuncay, N., Ilgaz, A. & Akmeşe, H. (2020). Gastronomi turizminde yerel mutfak ürünleri deneyiminin davranışsal niyet üzerindeki etkisi. International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, 6(35), 1451-1465.

Tung, V. W. & Ritchie, J. R. (2011). Investigating the memorable experiences of the senior travel market: An examination of the reminiscence bump. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28(3), 331-343.

UNWTO. (2016).. Madrid: World Tourism Organization.

Walker, W. R., Skowronski, J. J. & Thampson, C. P. (2003). Life Is Pleasant—and Memory Helps to Keep It That Way! Review of General Psychology, 7(2), 203-210.

Widjaja, D. C., Jokom, R., Kristanti, M. & Wijaya, S. (2020). Tourist Behavioural Intentions Towards Gastronomy Destination: Evidence From International Tourist in Indonesia. Anatolia, 1-18.

Wijaya, S., King, B., Morrison, A. & Nguyenş, T.-H. (2017). Destination Encounters With Local Food: The Experience of International Visitors in Indonesia. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 17, 1-14.

Wyse Travel Confederation. (2022). The Power of Youth Travel. https://www.wysetc.org/research/the-power-of-youth-travel/ (Erişim: 21.12.2022) Global Report on The Power of Youth Travel

Yoon, Y. & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model. Tourism Management, 26, 45-56.

Yordam, S. (2021). Algılanan otantiklik, yiyecek deneyimi ve davranışsal niyet ilişkisi: Alaçatı ot festivali örneği. Türk Mutfak Kültürü Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 45-53.

Published

03/25/2023

How to Cite

YÖNEL, D., & ÇAKIR, O. (2023). Olumsuz Deneyimler Unutulmaz Gastronomik Deneyimler Ölçeğinin (UGD) Bir Boyutu Olmalı Mı? Farklı Kültürler Üzerinde Bir Doğrulama Çalışması (Should Adverse Experiences Be a Part of Memorable Gastronomic Experience (MGE) Scale: A Cross-Cultural Validation). Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 10(4), 3662–3683. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1161