The Special Fermented Turkish Drink: Boza

Authors

  • Gülşen BAYAT
  • Gülçin YILDIZ

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2019.480

Keywords:

Boza, History, Fermentation, Health, Service

Abstract

Fermented foods are a significant part of the ready to eat products all over the world in recent years. A traditional cereal based fermented drink called as Boza is made from various raw materials including millet, maize, rice, and wheat and several techniques in different countries. The quality parameters of boza can change according to the type of raw materials and fermentation techniques used in production. This very special drink has a characteristic sweet-sour taste, light yellow colour and acidic-alcoholic odor. It has an important place because of its taste, flavour and nutritive value. Boza is made and consumed in Turkey especially in winter season because of its high energy content and nutritional value. It becomes available in the first days of autumn and continues until the early cold days of spring. Turkish people are familiar with the shouting of the boza sellers which starts their rounds in the streets following the evening prayers during cold and snowy winter days. The purpose of this study is to give a small review about the product characteristics, history, production (both home-made and commercial) and service, storage and health benefits of Boza.

 

References

Akpınar-Bayizit, A., Yılmaz-Ersan, L., & Özcan, T. (2010). Determination of organic acid composition of boza as affected by raw material and fermentation process. International Journal of Food Properties, 13(3), 648-646.

Altay, F., Karbancıoğlu-Güler, F., Daskaya-Dikmen, C., & Heperkan, D. (2013). A review on traditional Turkish fermented non-alcoholic beverages: Microbiota, fermentation process and quality characteristics. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 167(1), 44-56.

Arici, M., & Daglioglu, O. (2002). Boza: A lactic acid fermented cereal beverage as a traditional Turkish food. Food Review International, 18, 39-48.

Arslan, S., Durak, A.N., Erbas, M., Tanriverdi, E., & Gulcan, U. (2015). Determination of microbiological and chemical properties of probiotic boza and its consumer acceptability. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 34(1), 56-64.

Birer, S. (1983). Boza yapımı ve özellikleri. Gıda, 12(5), 341-344.

Caputo, L., Quintieri, L., Baruzzi, F., Borcakli, M., & Morea, M. (2012). Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Pichia fermentans strains found among Boza yeasts. Food Research International, 48(2), 755-762.

Genc M., Zorba, M. & Ova, G. (2002). Determination of rheological properties of boza by using physical and sensory analysis. Journal of Food Engineering, 52, 95–98.

Güven, K., & Benlikaya, N. (2005). Acid pH produced by lactic acid bacteria prevent the growth of Bacillus Cereus in boza, a traditional fermented Turkish beverage. Journal of Food Safety, 25, 98 – 108.

Hancıoğlu, Ö., & Karapınar, M. (1998). Hububat bazlı fermente ürünler ve fermantasyon işleminin sağladığı avantajlar. Gıda, 23(3), 211-215.

Izli, G., Izli, N., Taskin, O., & Yildiz, G. (2018). Convective drying of kumquat slices: Comparison of different drying temperatures on drying kinetics, colour, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Latin American Applied Research Journal, 48, 37-42.

Kentel, Z.B. (2001). Bozanın raf ömrünün uzatılması üzerine çalışma. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.

Li, W., Friel, J., & Beta, T. (2010). An evaluation of the antioxidant properties and aroma quality of infant cereals. Food Chemistry, 121, 1095–1102.

Mattila, P., Pihlava, J., & Hellstrom, J. (2005). Contents of phenolic acids, alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols, and avenanthramides in commercial grain products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(21), 8290−8295.

MEGEP. 2006. Yiyecek İçecek Hizmetleri Diğer Soğuk İçecekler ve Servisi. MEB Yayını, Ankara.

Naczk, M., & Shahidi, F. (2006). Phenolics in cereals, fruits and vegetables: Occurrence, extraction and analysis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41, 1523–1542.

Petrova, P., & Petrov, K. (2017). Traditional Cereal Beverage Boza: Fermentation Technology, Microbial Content and Healthy Effects. Fermented Food—Part II: Technological Interventions, 284-305. Ramesh C. Ray and Didier Montet (eds.). ISBN 978-1-1386-3784-9

Salovaara, H. (2004). Lactic acid bacteria in cereal-based products, in Microbiological and Functional Aspects, Eds. Salminen, S., Wright, A. and Ouwehand A., CRC Press, USA.

Tangüler, H. (2014). Traditional Turkish fermented cereal based products: Tarhana, boza and chickpea bread, Turkish Journal of Agriculture. Food Science and Technology, 2(3), 144-149.

Topal, S. and Yazıcıoğlu, T. (1985). Boza Mikroflorası Üzerine Bir Araştırma Diabet Yıllığı. XIX Diabet Günleri Gençlik ve Beslenme Kongresi, İstanbul.

Uysal, Ü.D., Öncü, E.M., Berikten, D., Yılmaz, N., Tuncel, N.B., Kıvanc, M., & Tuncel, M. (2009). Time and temperature dependent microbiological and mycotoxin (Ochratoxin-A) levels in boza. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 130 (1), 43-48.

Yegin, S., & Fernández-Lahore, M. (2012). Boza: A Traditional Cereal-Based, Fermented Turkish Beverage. In: (Hui, Y.H., Özgül Evranuz, E., Eds). Handbook of Plant-Based Fermented Food and Beverage Technology; Second Edition, CRC Press, Florida. pp 533-542.

Yildiz, G. (2019). Application of ultrasound and high pressure homogenization against high temperature-short time in peach juice. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 42 (3), e12997.

Yildiz, G., & Izli, G. (2019a). Influence of microwave and microwave-convective drying on the drying kinetics and quality characteristics of pomelo. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 43 (6), e13812.

Yildiz, G., & Izli, G. (2019b). The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on quality attributes of freeze-dried quince slices: Physical properties and bioactive compounds. Journal of Food Process Engineering, 42 (5), e13223.

Yücel U., & Köse, E. (2002). İzmir’de üretilen bozaların kimyasal bileşimi üzerine bir araştırma. Gıda, 27(5), 395-398.

Published

02/12/2023

How to Cite

BAYAT, G., & YILDIZ, G. (2023). The Special Fermented Turkish Drink: Boza. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 7(4), 2438–2446. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2019.480