Determination of Airline Preferences of Turkish Citizens Residing Abroad in the Context of Ethnocentrism

Authors

  • Cenk Murat KOÇOĞLU

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2019.349

Keywords:

Consumer ethnocentrism, Domestic airline preference, Demographic attributes

Abstract

Consumer ethnocentrism is the preference of domestic products due to economic interest and nationalism instead of purchasing foreign products. Within this framework, the purpose of the study is to determine ethnocentric tendencies of the Turkish citizens coming for holiday to Antalya and the effect of this tendency on domestic airline preference. On the other hand, it is aimed to analysis whether Turkish citizens’ ethnocentrism tendencies vary across demographic attributes or not. Survey was conducted on 425 Turkish citizens residing abroad and coming for holiday to Antalya. According to results, it was revealed that Turkish citizens’ ethnocentric tendencies were medium level and their tendencies varied across demographic attributes. Within the frame of the main hypothesis of the study, it is ascertained that consumer ethnocentrism is a strong determinant of domestic airline preference.

References

Altıntaş, M. H. and Tokol, T. (2007). Cultural openness and consumer ethnocentrism: an empirical analysis of Turkish consumers, Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 25(4), 308-325.

Armağan, E.A. and Gürsoy, Ö. (2011). Satın alma kararlarında tüketici etnosentrizmi ve menşe ülke etkisinin Cetscale ölçeği ile değerlendirilmesi. Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 67-77.

Asil, H. and Kaya, İ. (2013). Türk tüketicilerin etnosentrik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. Istanbul University Journal of the School Of Business Administration, 42(1), 113-132.

Aysuna, C. and Altuna, O.K. (2008). Türkiye ve KKTC tüketicilerinin demografik özellikler açısından etnosentrizm düzeylerinin incelenmesine yönelik bir karşılaştırma. Öneri, 8(29), 147-157.

Balabanis, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R. D. and Melewar, T. C. (2001). The impact of nationalism, patriotism and internationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(1), 157-175.

Balabanis, G. and Diamantopoulos, A. (2004). Domestic country bias, country-oforigin, and consumer ethnocentrism: a multidimensional unfolding approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketin Science, 32(1), 80-95.

Balabanis, G., Mueller, R. and Melewar, T. C. (2002). The relationship between consumer ethnocentrism and human values. Journal of Global Marketing, 15(3/4), 7-37.

Balıkçıoğlu, B. (2008). Tüketici etnosantrizminin satın alma davranışı üzerindeki etkisi: Ankara örneği, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü: Ankara.

Bannister, J.P. and Saunders, J.A. (1978). UK consumers’ attitudes towards imports: The measurement of national stereotype image, European Journal of Marketing,12(5), 62-70.

Bawa, A. (2004). Consumer ethnocentrism: CETSCALE validation and measurement of extent. Vikalpa, 29(3), 43-57.

Brislin, R. W. (1986). The wording and translation of research instruments. In W. J. Lonner & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Cross-cultural research and methodology series, Vol. 8. Field methods in cross-cultural research (pp. 137-164). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.

Caruana, A. and Magri, E. (1996). The effects of dogmatism and social class variables on consumer ethnocentrism in Malta. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 14(4), 39-44.

Chang, Y. H. and Cheng, C.H. (2011). Exploring the effects of consumer ethnocentrism on preference of choosing foreign airlines: A Perspective of Chinese Tourists, African Journal of Business Management, 5(34), 12966-12971.

Directorate General Civil Aviation Turkey, http://web.shgm.gov.tr/documents/sivilhavacilik/files/pdf/kurumsal/faaliyet/2017.pdf.

Evanschitzky, H., Wangenheim, F. V., Woisetschlager, D. and Bulut, M. (2008). Consumer ethnocentrism in the German market. International Marketing Review, 25(1), 7-32.

Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS for windows, London: SAGE Publication.

Ghani, N. H. and Mat, N. K. (2017). Malaysian consumers ethnocentrism: The measurement scale and index, International Review Of Management And Marketing, 7(1), 521-528.

Good, L. K., and Huddleston, P. (1995). Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: are feelings and intentions related?. International Marketing Review, 12,(5), 35-48.

Halis, M. and Halis, M. (2016). Turistik ürün tüketicilerinin satın alma kararlarında etnosentrik tutumlar: Bakü’de bir araştırma. Journal of Travel and Hospitality Management 13 (3), 6-22.

Hamin, G. E. (2006). A less-developed country perspective of consumer ethnocentrism and “country of origin” effects: Indonesian evidence. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 18(2), 79-92.

Han, C.M. and Terpstra, V. (1988). Country of origin effects for uninational and bi-national products, Journal of International Business Studies, 19(2), 235-255.

Herche, J. (1992). A note on the predictive validity of the CETSCALE. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20(3), 261-264.

Huang, Y. J. Phau ve Lin, C. (2010). Effects of animosity and allocentrism on consumer ethnocentrism: Social identity on consumer willingness to purchase. Asia Pasific Management Review, 15(3), 359-376.

Huddleston, P., Good, L. K. and Stoel, L. (2001). Consumer ethnosentrism, product necessity and Polish consumers’ perceptions of quality. International Journal of Retail &Distribution Management, 29(5), 236-246.

Javalgi, R.G., Khare, V.P., Gross, A.C. and Scherer, R.F. (2005). An application of the consumer ethnocentrism model to French consumers. International Business Review, 14(3), 325-344.

Josiassen, A., Assaf, A. G. and Karpen, I. O. (2011). Analyzing The Role of three demographic consumer characteristics. International Marketing Review, 28(6), 627-646.

Kerse, Y. and Gelibolu, L. (2015). Tüketicilerin etnosentrik eğilimlerinde rolü olan faktörlerin etkisinin incelenmesi: Kars ilinde bir uygulama. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 3(2), 169-189.

Khare, V. P. (2006). An empirical analysis of Indian consumers’ attitudes toward foreign service providers, Doctoral Dissertation, Cleveland State University.

Klein, J. and Ettenson, R. (1999). Consumer animosity and consumer ethnocentrism: An analysis of unique antecedents. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 11(4), 5-24.

Klein, J. G., Ettenson, R. and Morris, M. D. (1998). The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in The People's Republic of China, Journal of Marketing, 52(1), 89-100.

Küçükemiroğlu, O. (1999). Market segmentation by using consumer lifestyle dimensions and ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 33(5/6), 470-487.

Lee, W., Hong, J. and Lee, S. (2003). Communicating with American consumers in the post 9/11 climate: An empirical investigation of consumer ethnocentrism in the United States. International Journal of Advertising, 22, 487-510.

Linh, N. T. (2017). Consumer ethnocentrısm, country of origin, product evaluation and purchase intention for foreign apparel brands the study of Vietnam. International Business Bachelor's Thesis, Aalto University School of Business Bachelor´s Program in International Business.

Martinez, T. L., Zapata, J.A. and Garcia, S.B. (1998). Consumer ethnocentrism measurement an assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE in Spain. European Journal of Marketing, 34(11/12), 1353-1373.

Mittal, V. and Tsiros, M. (1995). Does country of origin transfer between brands?. Advances in Consumer Research, 22(1), 292-296.

Mohamad, O., Ahmad, Z.U., Honeycutt, E.D. and Tyebkhan,T.H. (2000). Does 'Made in.' matter to consumers? A Malaysian study of country of origin effect. Multinational Business Review, 8(2), 69-73.

Moon, B.J. and Jain, S.C. (2002). Consumer processing of foreign advertisements: roles of country of origin perceptions, consumer ethnocentrism and country attitude. International Business Review, 11(2), 117-138.

Mutlu, H. M., Çeviker, A. and Çirkin, Z. (2011). Tüketici etnosentrizmi ve yabancı ürün satın alma niyeti: Türkiye ve Suriye üzerine karşılaştırmalı analiz. Sosyoekonomi Dergisi, 2011(1): 51-73.

Nunnally, J. C., Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory, Third Edition, New Jersey: McGraw-Hill Inc.

Olsen, J.E., Granzin, K.L. and Biswas, A. (1993). Influencing consumers selection of domestic versus imported products: implications for marketing based on a model of helping behavior, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21(4), 307-321.

Orth, U. R. and Firbasová, Z. (2003). The role of consumer ethnocentrism in food product evaluation. Agribusiness, 19(2), 137-153.

Örs, H., Catli, O. and Sertoglu, A. E. (2017). Examining the probable three thesis of the globalization effect on culture by means of the consumer's ethnocentric tendency level. Research Journal of Business and Management, 4(3). 390-399.

Özer, A. and Dovganiuc, O. (2013). Gösteriş amaçlı ürünlerin satın alınmasında ülke orijini ve tüketici etnosentrizminin rolü. Pazarlama ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11, 61-80.

Pecotich, A., Pressley, M. and Roth, D. (1996). The Impact of Country of Origin in The Retail Service Context, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Service, 3(4), 213-224.

Renko, N., Karanovic, B. C. and Matic, M. (2012). Influence of consumer ethnocentrism on purchase intentions: case of Croatia. Ekonomska Misao I Praksa, God , XXI: 529-544.

Ruyter, K., Birgelen, M. and Wetzels, M. (1998). Consumer Ethnocentrism in international services marketing. International Business Review, 7(2), 185-202.

Rybina, L., Reardon, J. and Humphrey, J. (2010). Patriotism, cosmopolitanism, consumer ethnocentrism and purchase behaviour in Kazakhstan. Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 1(2), 92-107.

Scherer, R. F., Luther, D. C., Wiebe, F. A. and Adams, J.S. (1988). Dimensionality of coping: factor stability using the ways of coping questionnaire. Psychological Report, 62(3), 763-770.

Shankarmahesh, M. (2006). Consumer ethnocentrism: an integrative review of its antecedents and consequences. International Marketing Review, 23(2), 146-172.

Sharma, S., Shimp, T.A. and Shin, J. (1995). Consumer ethnocentrism: A test of antecedents and moderators. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23, 26-37.

Shimp, T.A. (1984). Consumer ethnocentrism: the concept and a preliminary empirical test. Advances in Consumer Research, 11(1), 285-290.

Shimp, T.A. and Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(8), 280-289.

Shin, M. (2001), The animosity model of foreign product purchase, Does it work in Korea?. Journal of Empirical Generalisations in Marketing Science, 6, 1-14.

Supphelen, M. and Rittenburg, T.L. (2001). Consumer ethnocentrism when foreign products Are better. Psychology & Marketing, 18(9), 907-927.

Tan, C.T. and Farley, J. U. (1987). The impact of cultural patterns on cognition and intention in Singapore. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(4), 540-544

Tayfun, A. and Gürlek, M. (2014). Tüketici etnosentrizminin yerli turistik ürün satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisi. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies 2(2), 34-45.

Upadhyay, Y. and Singh S. K. (2006). Preference for domestic goods: A study of consumer ethnocentrism, The Journal of Business Perspective, 10(3), 59-68.

Wang, C. L. and Chen, Z. X. (2004). Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy domestic products in a developing country setting: Testing moderating effects. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 21(6), 391-400.

Published

01/29/2023

How to Cite

KOÇOĞLU, C. M. (2023). Determination of Airline Preferences of Turkish Citizens Residing Abroad in the Context of Ethnocentrism. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 7(1), 155–168. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2019.349