Turizm İşletmelerinde QR Kod Kullanımı ve QR Kodun Gelecekteki Kullanımına Yönelik Beklentiler (The Application of QR Codes in the Tourism Industry and Prospects for Future QR Code Use)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2024.1437Keywords:
Ease of transaction, Tourism businesses, QR codeAbstract
Concerning which tourism-related enterprises will implement QR codes and whether their prevalence will increase in the coming years, this study investigates the issue at hand. The study employed interview methodology, which is classified as a qualitative approach. The research employed snowball sampling and conducted interviews with twelve academics who have conducted research on the subject as well as administrators of tourism businesses located in Tekirdağ, Edirne, Kırklareli. Due to its capacity to enhance convenience, speed, hygiene, and customer satisfaction through personnel reduction, QR codes are currently favoured by the food and beverage industry, museums and historical sites, accommodation establishments, and promotion points for destinations. Furthermore, the research indicates that the application of QR codes will continue to expand in the future. As a strategy for attracting tourists to historical sites and locations, accommodation establishments, transportation providers, travel agencies, and souvenir vendors, it has been tentatively predicted that it will persist in popularity.
References
Albayrak, A. (2017). Innovation practices stuation in restaurant enterprises: a study on first class restaurants in Istanbul. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies. 5/3 (2017) 53-73.
Alberlianasari, F., Nabilah, S., & Rahmawati, S. D. (2022). Implementatıon of qr codes on ichiban sushi restaurant’s dish menu on order time efficiency and customer satisfaction level. Current Advanced Research On Sharia Finance And Economic Worldwide, 1(4), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.55047/cashflow.v1i4.224
Aktaş, C. (2026). Geleneksel gazetenin Qr kod ile hibrit bir iletişim aracına dönüşümü. Nişantaşı Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(2), 16-31.
Atsan, M., Çetinkaya, S., & Adil, A. (2023). Views of tourism stakeholders on the use of qr code technologies in cultural heritage sites: Anamur antıque city example. International Journal of Academic Accumulation, 6, (Özel Sayı), 213-224.
Aracı, S., & Ergen, F., D. (2021). Otel işletmelerinin teknolojik açıdan COVID-19 salgın etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(46-1), 1271-1282.
Avşar, M., & Karakaş, Tandoğan, G. (2022). A research on restaurant businesses using q r code menu: the case of Amasya. Journal of Social, Humanities and Administrative Sciences, 5 (7): 858- 869, DOI:10.26677/TR1010.2022.1032
Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for lawshe’s content validity ratio. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47 (1), 79-86
Aziz, A. (2011). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri ve Teknikleri: Araştırma Süreci ve Tasarımı, Veri Toplama Teknikleri, İnterneti Kullanma, Anket Hazırlama, İçerik Ve Söylem Çözümlemesi, Raporlaştırma. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
Bălășescu, M., & Dovleac, L. (2017). The interest of Romanian consumers in using QR codes in restaurants and pubs. Bulletin of theTransilvaniaUniversity of Braşov Series V: Economic Sciences, 10 (59), 9-14.
Baltacı, A. (2018). A conceptual review of sampling methods and sample size problems in qualitative research. Journal of Bitlis Eren University Institute of Social Sciences, 7 (1), 231-274.
Baş, T., & Akturan, U. (2008), Nitel araştırma yöntemleri: Nvivo 7.0 ile Nitel Veri Analizi. Ankara: Seçkin Kitabevi
Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling-problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological Methods & Research, 10, 141-163.
https://doi.org/10.1177/004912418101000205
Cankül, D. (2019). Innovation practices in businesses: the case of restaurants. Gastroia: Journal of Gastronomy and Travel Research, 3(2), 225-240. https://doi.org/10.32958 /gastoria.536914
Cata, T., Patel, P. S., & Sakaguchi, T. (2013). QR code: A new opportunity for effective mobile marketing. Journal of Mobile Technologies, Knowledge and Society, 2013 (1), 1-7.
Çataloğlu, E., & Ateşkan, A. (2014). Use of QR codes in education with examples. Elementary Education Online, 13(1), 5-14.
Çelik, H., Başer Baykal, N., & Kılıç Memur, H. N. (2020). Qualitative data analysis and fundamental principles. Journal of Qualitative Research in Education - JOQRE, 8 (1), 379-406.
Çelik, P., & Topsakal, Y. (2017). Akıllı turizm destinasyonları: Antalya destinasyonunun akıllı turizm uygulamalarının incelenmesi. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 14(3), 149-166
Çeltek, E. (2023). Gamification in the tourism industry: applications and examples. Journal of Global Tourism and Technology Research, 4(1), 10-28
Cinnioğlu, H. (2019). Determining the use of QR (Quick Response) codes in hotels. Global Review of Research in Tourism, Hospitality & Leisure Management, 2019, 5 (1), 700-714.
Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20 (1), 37-46.
Coleman, J. (2011). Qr codes: What are they and why should you care?. Kansas Library Association College and University Libraries Section Proceedings, 1(1-3), 16-23
Connelly, L., M. (2016). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing, 25(6), 435-436.
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. New York: Sage.
Crompton, H., LaFrance, J., & van't Hooft, M. (2012). QR codes 101. ISTE Learning and Leading with Technology, 39 (8), 22-25, https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/teachinglear ning_fac_pubs/125/, Erişim Tarihi: 31.04.2024.
De Vaus, D. (2002). Surveys in Social Research. (5th Ed.). London: Routledge.
Dou, X., & Li, H. (2008). Creative use of qr codes in consumer communication. International Journal of Mobile Marketing, 3, 61–67.
Enginkaya, E., & Perker, B. (2018). Qr code applications in mobile marketing. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 4 (13), 190-201.
Ercan, F., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2022). Evaluation of qr menu applications in food and beverage businesses from consumers' perspective. Turkish Studies - Social, 17(6), 1109-1131. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.64884
Flick, U. (2014). An Introduction to Qualitative Research. New York: Sage.
Gedik, Y. (2021). A new era in marketing: phygital marketing. Hacettepe University Journal of Social Sciences, 3(2), 99-131.
Ghaderi, Z., Hatamifar, P., & Henderson, J. (2018). Destination selection by smart tourists: the case of Isfahan, Iran. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 23(4), 385-394.
Göl, B., & Ediz, Ç. (2019). Toplu ulaşımda akıllı kart kullanımının değerlendirilmesi ve Seul örneği. Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi. 2(1), 1-10,
Gülen, A., H., Gür, B., Zorbazer, E., & Kahraman, R. (2022). I search you on the roads, I find you with my QR Code-GOG10 application: balıkesir case. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6 (2), 133-148.
Hossain, M., S., Zhou, X., & Rahman, M, F. (2018). Examining the impact of qr codes on purchase intention and customer satisfaction on the basis of perceived flow. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 10, 1–11.
İlan, H., Çalışkan, U., & İlal, N., Ç. (2023). Opinions of managers of accommodation facilities on mobile applications: case of Muğla. Güncel Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7 (1), 129-148.
Intal, G., L, Payas, J., D., Fernandez, L., M., & Domingo, B., M. (2020). Restaurant information system (RIS) with QR code to improve service operations of casual fine dining restaurant. 2020 IEEE 7th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Applications (ICIEA), Bangkok, Thailand, 2020, 1054-1059, doi: 10.1109/ICIEA49774.2020.9102036.
Iskender, A., Sirakaya-Turk, E., Cardenas, D., & Hikmet, N. (2022). Restaurant patrons’ intentions toward QR code menus in the U.S. during COVID-19: acceptance of technology adoption model (ATAM). Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2022.2133518
Ivanov, S., Gretzel, U., Berezina, K., Sigala, M., & Webster, C. (2019). Progress on robotics in hospitality and tourism: A review of the literatüre. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 10(4), 489–521.
Kaushal, V., & Srivastava, S. (2021). Hospitality and tourism industry amid COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives on challenges and learnings from India. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 102707, 1-9.
Kelly, P., Lawlor, J., & Mulvey, M. (2017). Self service technologies: Service failures and recovery. In Erdoğan Koç (Ed.) Service failures and recovery in tourism and hospitality: A practical manual (100-121). Wallingford, Oxford: CABI., https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320872130_Service_Failures_and_Recovery_in_Tourism_and_Hospitality, Erişim Tarihi: 01.04.2024.
Klein, M. (2014). Contribution of QR- codes to the marketing mix- A case study, Management, 4(3A), 1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5923/s.mm.201401.01
Law, C., & So, S. (2010). QR codes in education. Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange, 3(1), 85-100.
Lawshe, C., H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel Psychology, 28 (4), 563–575.
Lou, L., Tian, Z., & Koh, J. (2017). Tourist satisfaction enhancement using mobile QR code payment: An empirical investigation. Sustainability, 9 (7), 1186, https://www. mdpi. com/2071-1050/9/7/1186, Erişim Tarihi: 31.03.2024.
Noy, C. (2008). Sampling Knowledge: The hermeneutics of snowball sampling in qualitative research. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(4), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570701401305
Özalkan, S., Özkurt, D., Ş., & Yazıcı, Ayyıldız, A. (2023). A study of digitilisation and robot guides from the perspective of tourist guides. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10 (2), 1415–1435. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1050.
Özgür, Göde, M. (2023). Restaurant consumers’ opinions on the digital menu experience. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 11(3), 2153–2170. https://doi.org/10.21325/ jotags.2023.1286
Ozturkcan, S., & Kitapci, O. (2023). A sustainable solution for the hospitality industry: The QR code menus. Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases, 0(0), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/20438869231181599
Pajo, A., & Selvi M., S. (2021). A study on the use of digital menus in restaurants. International Cappocia Scientific Research Congress. 15-17 Aralık 2021, Nevşehir.
Sanal, A., & Öztürkoğlu, Y. (2017). Hizmet sektöründe qr kod kullanım alanlarına yönelik bir alan çalışması, Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 5(4), 172-189.
Sakyi, K. A., Musona, D. & Mweshi, G. (2020). Research methods and methodology. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 7(3), 296-302, doi:10.14738/assrj.73.7993.
Şahin, E., & Yiğitoğlu, V. (2023). The effect of innovative applications in restaurants on the service quality and restaurant image in the scope of using qr menus. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 10 (3), 1745–1768. https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1065
Şimşek, E., & Cinnioğlu, H. (2020). The quick response code usage of hotels in smart tourism destinastions: a research on Istanbul smart Beyoglu. International Journal of Management Economics and Business, 16(3), 675-690. https://doi.org/10.17130/ij meb.798489
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (2014). Basics of Qualitative Research Techniques. New York: Sage Publications.
Türkel, A., Özdemir, E., E., & Akbulut, S. (2017). Okuma Kültürü Ölçeği Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic, 12/14, 465-490.
Tüysüz, V., & Sarıışık, M. (2024). A research on the determination of the positive effects of the covıd-19 pandemic on the tourism ındustry. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 26 (1), 363-384.
Vu, T., H. (2020). Solution of applying QR code technology to assist tourists in searching for the destination information. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 9(6), 1397-1400.
Wang, D., Xiang, Z., & Fesenmaier, D.R. (2016). Smartphone use in everyday life and travel. Journal of Travel Research, 55 (1), 52-63.
Yazıcı, Ayyıldız, A. (2020). Marketing strategies of the hotels in covid-19 pandemic process: Kusadasi sample. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8 (3), 3328–3358. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i3.1587.
Yin, R., K. (2011). Qualitative Research From Start to Finish. NewYork: The Guilford Press.
Yüksel, A., & Yüksel, F. (2004). Turizmde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Turhan Kitabevi
The Application of QR Codes in the Tourism Industry and Prospects for Future QR Code Use
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.