Yerel Halkın Ekoturizme Yönelik Algısı ve Tutumları: İbradı Örneği (Local People’s Perception and Attitudes Towards Ecotourism: The Case of İbradı)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2022.1141Keywords:
Antalya, Ecology, Ecotourism, İbradı, Local PeopleAbstract
In this study, which was carried out between 2020-2021, the ecotourism potential of İbradı Region, which has many natural, historical and cultural riches, and local people’s attitudes and perceptions towards ecotourism were analyzed. As a sample of the study, 391 people from the local population living in İbradi were determined. Data research and interview method were used to analyze the local people’s perception and attitudes towards ecotourism. 391 survey forms were analyzed with the SPSS 20.00 program. The data obtained from the study and the hypotheses formed were tested with t and ANOVA tests. Validity and reliability analyzes were made for both scales. Explanatory factor analysis and Cronbach Alpha coefficients were examined. As a result of the study, it has been revealed that if the education level of the local people increases and they benefit from ecotourism, they have a positive attitude towards the development of ecotourism and support the development of ecotourism activities in the region.
References
Akova, O. (2006). Yerel halkın turizmin etkilerini algılamalarına ve tutumlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 2(1), 77-109.
Benson, A., & Clifton, J. (2006). Planning for sustainable ecotourism: The case for research ecotourism in developing country destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 14(3), 238-254.
Blesic, I., Pivac, T., Besermenji, S., Ivkov-Džigurski, A., & Košić, K. (2014). Residents’ attitudes and perception towards tourism development: A case study of rural tourism in Dragacevo, Serbia. Eastern European Countryside, 20(1), 151-165.
Butler, R.W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evoluation: Implications for management of resources. Canadian Geographer, 24(19), 5-12.
Chengcai, T., Linsheng, Z., & Shengkui, C. (2012). Tibetan attitudes towards community participation and ecotourism. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 3(1), 8-15.
Çetinkaya, G., & Dedemen, O. (2013). Golf turizmine yönelik yerel halkın algılarının belirlenmesi: Antalya/Belek örneği. Turar Turizm ve Araştırma Dergisi, 2(1), 24-45.
Çinbilgel, İ. (2015). İbradı’da yeni bir bitki türü bulundu: Gökçe Tülüşah. İbradı Belediyesi Tarih, Kültür, Sanat ve Edebiyat Dergisi, 2, 1-48.
Çinbilgel, İ. (2019). Ekolojik Turizm. İçinde H. B. Sert (Ed.), 4 Mevsim Turizm, 4 Mevsim Manavgat.(1.Baskı, s. 87-120). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Çinbilgel, İ., & Gökçeoğlu, M. (2010). Flora of Altınbeşik Cavern National Park (İbradı-Akseki, Antalya/Turkey). Biological Diversity and Conservation, 3(3), 85-110.
Çinbilgel, İ., Eren, Ö., Duman, H., & Gökçeoğlu, M. (2015). Pimpinella İbradiensis (Apiaceae) an unusual new specices from Turkey. Phytotaxa, 217(2), 164-172.
DeLacy, T., Jiang, M., Lipman, G., & Vorster, S.(Eds). (2014). Green Growth and Travelism: Concept, Policy and Practice for Sustainable Tourism (1st ed.). New York, United States of America. Routledge.
Dey, T., Kamruzzaman, M., Islam, M. A., Bachar, B.K., & Pitol, M. N.S. (2020). Attitudes of local people towards community based eco-tourism in the Sundarbans. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Research, 9(2), 528-535.
Doğru, E., & Aydın, F. (2019). Yerel halkın milli parklara ilişkin görüşleri: İğneada Longoz Ormanları Milli Parkı örneği. International Journal of Geography Education (IGGE), 42, 328-355.
Doxey, G. (1975). A Causation Theory of Visitor: Resident Irritants Methodology And Research Inference Proceeding to The Travel Research Association 6th Annual Conference. San Diego, California.
Erdoğan, N., & Erdoğan, İ. (2005). Ekoturizm betimlemeleriyle iletilenlerin doğası. Gazi Üniversitesi İletişim Dergisi, 20(1), 55-82.
Eshun, G., & Tichaawa, M.T. (2020). Community participation, risk management and ecotourism sustainability issues in Ghana. GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 28(1), 313-331. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.28125-472
Evren, S., Evren, Ş. E., Çakıcı, A.C., & Çakır, O. (2019). Sürdürülebilir turizm gerçekten sürdürülebilir mi? Sürdürülebilir turizme yönelik eleştirel değerlendirmeler. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 10, 211-220.
Gedik, S. (2015). Kesikbeli Yolu. İbradı Tarih, Kültür, Sanat, Edebiyat Dergisi, 12, 1-27.
Ghaderi, Z., Esfahani, M.H., Fennell, D., & Shahabi, E. (2021). Community partipation towards conservation of Touran National Prak (TNP): An application of reciprocal altruism theory. Journal of Ecotourism, 1-15 https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1080/14724049.2021.1991934
Gkoumas, A. (2019). Evaluating a standard for sustainable tourism through the lenses of local industry. Heliyon, 5(11), 1-12.
Gümüş, N., & Özüpekçe, S. (2009). Foça’da turizmin ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel ve çevresel etkilerine yönelik yerel halkın görüşleri. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 399-417.
Harrill, R. (2004). Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development: A literature review with implications for tourism planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 18(3), 251– 266.
Hong Long, P. (2012). Tourism impacts and support for tourism development in Ha Long Bay, Vietnam: An examination of residents’ perceptions. Asian Social Science, 8(8), 28-39.
Htun, N. Z., Mizoue, N., & Yoshida, S. (2010). Determinants of local people’s perceptions and attitudes toward a protected area and its management: A case study from Popa Mountain Park, Central Myanmar. Society and Natural Resources, 25(8), 743-758.
Hunt, C.A., Durham, W.H., Driscol, L., & Honey, M. (2014). Can ecotourism deliver real economic, social and environmental benefits? A study of the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(3), 339-357.
İbradı Mermer Ocakları Raporu (2020), İbradı Çevresinin Jeolojik Özellikleri. 24.12.2020 tarihinde http://www.tmmob.org.tr/sites/default/files/ibradi_mermer_ocaklari_raporu_tmmob_antalya_ikk.pdf adresinden alınmıştır.
Jamal, T., Borges, M.,& Stronza, A. (2006). The institutionalisation of ecotourism: certification, cultural equity and praxis, Journal of Ecotourism, 5(3), 145-175.
Karataş, M., & Babür, S. (2013). Gelişen dünya’da turizm sektörünün yeri. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomi̇k Araştırmalar Dergi̇si, 15(25), 15-24.
Kasalak, M., A., & Isayeva, S. (2006). Sürdürülebilir turizm yönetimi kapsamında yer alan örnek ekoturism uygulamaları. Çatalhöyük International Journal of Tourism and Social Research, 1(1), 183-200.
Kasalak, M.A., Yurcu, G., Akıncı, Z., & Sarı, D.B. (2018). Ekolojik çiftliklerin ekoturizm girişimciliği kapsamında değerlendirilmesi: Antalya İli alan araştırması. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD), 10(18), 221-240.
Kaypak, Ş. (2012). Ekolojik turizm ve sürdürülebilir kırsal kalkınma. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2012(1), 11-29.
Keskin, E., & Örgün, E. (2015). Kelime ilişkilendirme testi aracılığıyla sürdürülebilir turizm olgusunun kavramsal analizi: Ürgüp örneği. Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 3(1), 3.
Khanra, S., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., & Mäntymäki, M. (2021). Bibliometric analysis and literature review of ecotourism: Toward sustainable development. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100777
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Guilford publications.
Kuenzi, C., & McNeely, J. (2008). Nature-Based Tourism. In O. Renn, K. D. Walker (Eds.), Global Risk Governance (155-178). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Mafi-Gholami, D., & Nouri-Kamari, A., (2018). Enviromental impact assesment of ecotourism on mangroves. International Journal of Enviromental Monitoring and Protection, 5(2), 24-30.
Manav, K., & Çalışkan, V. (2017). Geleneksel bir mesken tipinin turizmde çekicilik potansiyelinin araştırılması: Düğmeli evler örneği. İbradı Tarih, Kültür, Sanat, Edebiyat Dergisi, 5, 46-61.
Manav, K. (2018). Geleneksel Bir Mesken Tipinin Turizmde Çekicilik Potansiyelinin Araştırılması: Düğmeli Evler Örneği (Akseki Dağlık Çevresi / Antalya). (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Coğrafya Ana Bilim Dalı, Çanakkale.
Mansuroğlu, S. (2006). Turizm gelişmelerine yerel halkın yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi: Akseki/Antalya örneği. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(1), 35-46.
McGehee, N.G., & Andereck, K. L. (2004). Factors predicting rural residents’ support of tourism. Journal of Tourism Research, 43, 131-140.
Moore, M.A. (2015). An essay on Doxey’s (1975) Irridex; Ap’s (1992) Social Exchange Process; and Gursoy and Rurhterford’s (2004) Determinants of Community Support theories. Mphil document. University of Cape Coast, Ghana, 1-7.
Muresan, I.C., Oroian, C.F. Harun, R., Arion, F.H., Porutiu, A., Chiciudean, G.O., Todea, A.,& Lile, R. (2016). Local residents’ attitude toward sustainable rural tourism development. Sustainability, 8(1), 100.
Nguyen, H. P. (2022). Ecological tourism in Tram Chim National Park: potential, opportunity and challenge. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 6 (1), 14-23.
Ntounis, N., Parker, C., Skinner, H., Steadman, C., & Warnaby, G. (2022). Tourism and Hospitality industry resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from England. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(1), 46-59.
Nunkoo, R. (2016). Toward a more comprehensive use of social exchange theory to study residents’ attitudes to tourism. Procedia Economics and Finance, 39, 588-596.
Oladeji, S. O., Awolala, D. O., & Alabi, O. I. O. (2022). Evaluation of sustainable ecotourism practices in Oke Idanre Hills, Ondo State, Nigeria. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24, 2656–2684 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-021-01550-6
Parker, S., & Khare, A. (2005). Understanding success factors for ensuring sustainability in ecotourism development in Southern Africa. Journal of Ecotourism, 4(1), 32-46. DOI: 10.1080/14724040508668436
Pujar, S.C., & Mishra, N. (2020). Ecotourism industry in India: A review of current practises and prospects. Anatolia An International of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 1-14.
Saçılık, M.Y., & Baysal, K. (2019). Rahatsızlık endeksi çerçevesinde Bodrum sosyal taşıma kapasitesinin belirlenmesi. Türk Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(4), 1194-1210.
Samdin, Z., Abdullah, W.N.S., Khaw, A., & Subramaniam, T. (2021). Travel risk in the ecotourism industry amid covid-19 pandemic: Ecotourists’ perceptions. Journal of Ecotourism, 21(3), 266-294 DOI: 10.1080/14724049.2021.1938089
Scheyvens, R. (1999). Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management, 20(2), 245–249.
Snyman, S. (2014). The impact of ecotourism employment on rural household incomes and social welfare in six Southern African countries. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 14(1-2), 37–52. doi:10.1177/1467358414529435
T.C Antalya Valiliği, İbradı, 20.07.2020 tarihinde http://antalya.gov.tr/ibradi adresinden alınmıştır.
T.C Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, Antalya İl Kültür ve Turizm Müdürlüğü, Düğmeli Evlerde Ekolojik Turizm Destinasyonlarında Hizmet Kalitesinin Arttırılmasına Yönelik Eğitim Verildi, 11.12.2022 tarihinde https://antalya.ktb.gov.tr/TR-331744/dugmeli-evlerde-ekolojik-turizm-destinasyonlarinda-hizm-.html adresinden alınmıştır.
Thetsane, R., M. (2019). Local community participation in tourism development: The case of Katse villages in Lesotho. Athens Journal of Tourism, 6(2), 123-139.
United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2019). International Tourism Highlights. International Tourism Continues to Outpace The Global Economy. Retrieved from https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284421152 (Erişim tarihi: 25.11.2020).
United Nations World Tourism Organization. (2022). World Tourism Barometer. 20(6). Retrieved from https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2022- 11/UNWTO_Barom22_06_November_EXCERPT.pdf?VersionId=kNOL3rNMSaYFz0XizmRo0EU8x3cVZpOk (Erişim tarihi: 12.12.2022).
Upadhaya, S., Tiwari, S., Poudyal, B., Godar Chhetri, S., & Dhungana, N. (2022). Local people’s perception of the impacts and importance of ecotourism in Central Nepal. PloS one, 17(5), e0268637.
Valenzuela, R. B., Yeo-Chang, Y., Park, M. S., & Chun, N. J. (2020). Local people’s participation in mangrove restoration projects and impacts on social capital and livelihood: A case study in the Philippines. Forests, 11(5), 1-24.
Ven, S. (2016). Residents’ participation, perceived impacts, and support for community-based ecotourism in Cambodia: A latent profile analysis. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(8), 836–861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1075565
Wardana, I. M., Sukaatmadjaa, I. P. G., Ekawita, N. W., Yasaa, K. N. N., Astawab, P. I., & Setinib, M. (2021). Policy models for improving ecotourism performance to buil quality tourism experience and sustainable tourism. Management Science Letters, 11(2), 595-608.
Weaver, D. B. (1999). Magnitude of ecotourism in Costa Rica and Kenya. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 792-816.
Wondirad, A., Tolkach, D., & King, B. (2020). Stakeholder collaboration as major factor for sustainable ecotourism development in developing countries. Tourism Management, 78, 104024.
Yayla Ö. (2020). Turizm Öğrencilerinin Sürdürülebilir Turizme Yönelik Bilişsel Yapılarının Belirlenmesi: Nitel Bir Araştırma, Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 7(2), 189-201.
Yılmaz, Ö. D., & Filiz, A. (2017). Turizm gelişim yaklaşımları kapsamında yerel halkın turizme yönelik algı ve tutumları: Mazı Köyü-Türkbükü karşılaştırmalı analizi. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(22), 1799-824.
Yu, C.-P., Chancellor, H. C., & Cole, S. T. (2011). Measuring residents’ attitudes toward sustainable tourism: A reexamination of the sustainable tourism attitude scale. Journal of Travel Research, 50(1), 57-63.
Zafar, S. Z., Zhilin, Q., Mabrouk, F., Ramirez-Asis, E., Alzoubi, H. M., Hishan, S. S., & Michel, M. (2022). Empirical linkages between ICT, tourism, and trade towards sustainable environment: evidence from BRICS countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 1-22
Zhang, Y., Wong, I. A., Duan, X., & Chen, Y. V. (2021). Craving better health? Influence of socio-political conformity and health consciousness on goal-directed rural-eco tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(5), 511-526.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
