The Relationships between Destinationscapes, Emotional Response and Behavioral Intentions
Keywords:
Destinationscapes, Tourists’ emotions, Behavioral intentionAbstract
The aim of this study is to identify the destinationscapes and to demonstrate tha casual relations between destinationscapes, the emotional responses of tourists and behavioral intentions. In the process of identification, the theories and models for environmental psychology, evolutionary psychology and aesthetics, tourism and marketing disciplines were considered. The destinationscapes, the emotional responses and behavioral intentions of tourists were all demonstrated by the questionnaire developed considering the related literature. Both incoming and domestic tourists of Bodrum Region and their responses to the questionnaire by face to face interviews were analyzed in this study. The results reveal that there are direct relations among the emotional responses of tourists to destinationscapes and their emotional responses’ influence on behavioral intentions.
References
Abubakar, Binta. (2002). Developing a Framework for Understanding a Tourism Service Setting. Services Marketing Quarterly, 23(3),17-34.
Anastasopoulos, P. G. (1992). Tourism and Attitude Change: Greek Tourists Visiting Turkey. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 629–642.
Anderson, J. C., ve Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural Equation Modeling in Practice: A Review and Recommended Two-Step Approach, Psychological Bulletin, 103, 411-423.
Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R. ve Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or Fun: Measuring Hedonic and Utilitarian Shopping Value, Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 644-656.
Bagozzi, R. P. and Yi, Y. (1988). On The Evaluation of Structural Equation Models. Journal of the. Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1): 74-94.
Baker, J., Levy, M. ve Grewal, D. (1992). An Experimental Approach to Making Retail Store Environmental Decisions, Journal of Retailing, 68(4), 445–460.
Berlyne, D. E. (1971). Aesthetics and Psychobiology. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, Arousal and Curiosity. McGraw-Hill Book Company.
Berlyne, D. E. (1970). Novelty, Complexity and Hedonic Value, Perception and Psychophysics, 8(5a), 279–286.
Berman, B. ve Evans, J. R. (1998). Retail Management: A Strategic Approach. 7. Basım. Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall.
Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The Impact of Physical Surroundings on Customers and Employees, The Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 57-71.
Brislin, R. W., Lonner, W. J. ve Thorndike, R. M. (1973). Cross-Cultural Research Methods. USA, John Wiley & Sons, Incorp.
Cassidy, T. (1997). Environmental Psychology: Behaviour and Experience in Context. East Sussex: Psychology Press Ltd.
Churchill, G. A. (1979). A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs, Journal of Marketing Research, 16(February), 64-73
Crouch, G. I. (2000). Services Research in Destination Marketing: A Retrospective and Prospective Appraisal, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 1(2): 65-86.
Cupchik, G. C. (1992). From Perception to Production: A Multilevel Analysis of the Aesthetic Process. Emerging Visions of the Aesthetic Process: In Psychology, Semiology, and Philosophy., Cambridge University Press; First Edition,ss. 83-99.
Doğan, H. Z.(2004). Turizmin Sosyo-Kültürel Temelleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık, 2004.
Donovan, R. J., Marcoolyn, G. ve Nesdale, A. (1994). Store Atmosphere and Purchasing Behavior, Journal of Retailing, 10 (3), 283-294.
Donovan, R. J. ve Rossiter, J. R. (1982), Store Atmosphere: An Environmental Psychology Approach, Journal of Retailing, 58, 34-57.
Edwards, J. S. A. ve Gustafsson, I. (2008). The Room and Atmosphere as Aspects of the Meal: A Review, Journal of Foodservice, 19, 22-34.
Eroğlu, S. A., Machleit, K. ve Barr, T. F. (2005). Perceived Retail Crowding and Shopping Satisfaction: The Role of Shopping Values, Journal of Business Research, 58, 1146– 1153.
Fischer, E., Gainer, B. ve Bristor, J. (1997). The Sex of The Service Provider: Does it Influence Perceptions of Service Quality?, Journal of Retailing, 73(3), 361-382.
Foxall, G. ve Hackett, P. (1994). Consumer Satisfaction with Birmingham’s International Convention Centre, Service Industries Journal, 14(3), 369–380
Gunn, C. A. (1988). Vacationscape: Designing Tourist Regions. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, İkinci basım.
Guthrie, C. ve Anderson, A. (2007). Tourists on Tourists: The Impact of Other People on Destination Experience, Developments in Tourism Research, Chapter 10, 143-154.
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tahtam, R. L., ve Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, Dördüncü basım.
Hall, C. M. (2008). Servicescapes, Designscapes, Branding, and The Creation of Place Identity: South of Litchfield, Christchurch, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 25(3-4), 233-50.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J. ve Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Yedinci basım, Pearson, New York.
Harrell, G. D., Hutt, M. D. ve Anderson, J. C. (1980). Path Analysis of Buyer Behavior under Conditions of Crowding, Journal of Marketing Research, 17(1), 45-51
Hui, M. K.. ve Bateson, J. E. G. (1991). Perceived Control and the Effects of Crowding and Consumer Choice on the Service Experience, The Journal of Consumer Research, 18 (2), 174-184.
Jang, S. ve Namkung, Y. (2009). Perceived Quality, Emotions, and Behavioral Intentions: Application of an Extended Mehrabian–Russell Model to Restaurants, Journal of Business Research, 62 (4), 1-
Janga, S. ve Feng, R. (2007). Temporal Destination Revisit Intention: The Effects of Novelty Seeking and Satisfaction, Tourism Management, 28, 580–590.
Kaplan, S. (1979). Perception and Landscape: Conceptions and Misconceptions, National Conference on Applied Techniques for Analysis and Manage-ment of the Visual Resource, Incline Village, Nevada, April 23-25, 1979. http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr035/psw_gtr035_05_s-kaplan.pdf.
Kaplan, S. ve Kaplan, R. (1978). Humanscape: Environments for People. North Scituate, Mass. : Duxbury Press.
Kaplan, S. (1995). Environmental Preference in a Knowledge-Seeking, Knowledge-Using Organism.
İçinde The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture. Editörler.: Jerome H. Barkow, Leda Cosmides ve John Tooby, Oxford University Press, USA.
Kaplan, S. (1987). Aesthetics, Affect and Cognition: Environmental Preference from an Evolutionary Perspective, Environment and Behavior, 19(1), 3-32.
Kenhova, V. P., ve Desrumaux, P. (1977). The Relationship between Emotional States and Approach or Avoidance Responses in a Retail Environment, The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 7(4),351-368.
Kim, W. G. ve Moon, Y. (2009). Customers’ Cognitive, Emotional, and Actionable Response to The Servicescape: A Test of The Moderating Effect of The Restaurant Type, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 28, 144–156.
Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S. ve Babin, B. J. (2008). Festivalscapes and Patrons' Emotions, Satisfaction, and Loyalty, Journal of Business Research, 61,56–64.
Leea, H. ve Graefe, A. R. (2003). Crowding at An Arts Festival: Extending Crowding Models to The Frontcountry, Tourism Management, 24, 1–11.
Lin, I. Y. (2004). Evaluating a Servicescape: The Effect of Cognition and Emotion, Hospitality Management, 23, 163–178.
Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of a City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Machleit, K. A., Eroğlu, S. A. ve Mantel, S. P. (2000). Perceived Retail Crowding and Shopping Satisfaction: What Modifies This Relationship?”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(1), 29-42.
Mehrabian, A. ve Russell, J. A. (1976). An Approach to Environmental Psychology. Cambridge Mass.; London: M.I.T. Press.
Mehrabian, A. (1972). Nonverbal Communication. Chicago, Aldine-Atherton.
Mehrabian, A. (1976). Public Places and Private Spaces: The Psychology of Work, Play and Living Environments. New York: Basic Books.
Milgram, S. (1970). The Experience of Living in Cities, Science, 167, 1464-1468.
Mullen, M. R. (1995). Diagnosing Measurement Equivalence in Cross-National Research, Journal of International Business Studies, 26(3), 573-596.
Mykletun, R. J., Crotts, J. C., ve Mykletun. A. (2001). Positioning Island Destination in The Peripheral Area of The Baltics: A Flexible Approach to Market Segmentation, Tourism Management, 22(5), 493-500.
Namasivayam, K. ve Mattila, A. S. (2007). Accounting for the Joint Effects of the Servicescape and Service Exchange on Consumers’ Satisfaction Evaluations, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31(1), 3-18.
Nasar, J. L. (1987). Effects of Signscape Complexity and Coherence on The Perceived Visual Quality of Retail Scenes, Journal of the American Planning Association, 53: 499-509.
Newman, A. J. (2007). Uncovering Dimensionality in the Servicescape: Towards Legibility, The Service Industries Journal, 27(1), 15–28.
Nguyen, N. ve Leblanc, G. (2002). Contact Personel, Physical Environment and the Perceived Corporate Image of Intangible Services by New Clients, International Journal of Service Industry Management, 13(3), 242-262.
Oliver, R. L., Rust, R. T. ve Sajeev, V. (1997). Customer Delight: Foundations, Findings and Managerial Insight, Journal of Retailing, 73, 311–336.
Passini, R. (1984). Wayfinding in Architexture. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Petrick, J. F. (2002). An Examination of Golf Vacationers’ Novelty, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2), 384–400.
Pizam, A., ve Sussmann, S. (1995). Does Nationality Affect Tourist Behavior?, Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 910–917.
Pizam, A., Urielyb, N. ve Reichelb, A. (2000). The Intensity of Tourist–Host Social Relationship and Its Effects on Satisfaction and Change of Attitudes: The Case of Working Tourists in Israel, Tourism Management, 21(4), 395-406.
Raajpoot, N. A. (2002). TANGSERV: A Multiple Item Scale for Measuring Tangible Quality in Foodservice Industry, Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 5(2), 109-127.
Reisinger, Y. ve Turner, L. (1998). Cultural Differences between Mandarin-Speaking Tourists and Australian Hosts and Their Impact on Cross Cultural Tourist-Host Interaction, Journal of Business Research, 42(2), 175–187.
Reisinger, Y. ve Turner, L. (2002). Cultural Differences between Asian Tourist Markets and Australian Hosts: Part 2, Journal of Travel Research, 40(4), 385-395.
Reisinger, Y. (2009). Cultural Influences on Social Interaction. International Tourism, Chapter 8, 199-
Russell, A. J. ve Pratt, G. (1980). A Description of the Affective Quality Attributed to Environments, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 311-322.
Russell, J. A. ve Mehrabian, A. (1978). Approch-Avoidance and Affiliation as Functions of The Emotion-Eliciting Quality of An Environment, Environment and Behavior, 10(3), 355-387.
Russell, J. A. ve Mehrabian, A. (1976). Some Behavioral Effects of the Physical Environment. İçinde “Experiencing the Environment” Editörler: Seymour Wapner, Saul B. Cohen ve Bernard Kaplan, ss: 5-18, New York: Plenum Press.
Ryu, K. ve Jang, S. S. (2007). The Effect of Environmental Perceptions on Behavioral Intentions Through Emotions: The Case of Upscale Restaurants, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 31(1), 56-72.
Soriano, M. Y. ve Foxall, G. R. (2006). A Spanish Translation of Mehrabian and Russell’s Emotionality Scales for Environmental Consumer Psychology, Journal of Consumer Behavior, 2(1), 23-36.
Stokols, D. (1972). On the Distinction Between Density and Crowding: Some Implications for Future Research, Psychological Review, 79, 275-277.
Theobald, W. F. (2005). Global Tourism. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann.
Titus, P. A. ve Everett, P. B. (1995). The Consumer Retail Search Process: A Conceptual Model and Research Agenda, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(2), 106-119.
Tombs, A. ve McColl-Kennedy, J. R. (2003). Social-Servicescape Conceptual Model, Marketing Theory, 3(4), 447-475.
Tse, A. C. B., Sin, L. ve Yim, F. H. K. (2002). How a Crowded Restaurant Affects Consumers’ Attribution Behavior, Hospitality Manegement, 21, 449-454.
Turley, L. W. ve Milliman, R. E. (2000). Atmospheric Effects on Shopping Behavior: A Review of the Experimental Evidence”, Journal of Business Research, 49(2): 193-211.
Waitt, G. (2000). Consuming Heritage Perceived Historical Authenticity, Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 835-862.
Wakefield, K. L. ve Blodgett, J. G. (1999). Customer Response to Intangible and Tangible Service Factors, Psychology & Marketing, 16(1): 51–68.
Wakefield, K. L. ve Blodgett, J. G. (1994). The Importance of Servicescapes in Leisure Service Settings, Journal of Services Marketing, 8(3), 66-76.
Wakefield, K. L., Blodgett, J. G. ve Sloan, H. (1996). Measurement and Management of the Sportscape, Journal of Sport Management, 10: 15-31.
Wakefield, K. W. ve Baker, J. (1998). Excitement at the Mall: Determinants and Effects on Shopping Behavior, Journal of Retailing, 74(4), 5I5-539.
Weisman, G. (1981). Evaluating Architectural Legibility: Wayfinding in the Built Environment, Environment and Behavior, l3, 189-204.
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. ve Parasuraman, A. (1996). The Behavioral Consequences of Service Quality, Journal of Marketing, 60 (2),31-48.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
