Yiyecek İçecek İşletmelerinde İşte Varolamama (Presenteeism)
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Yiyecek içecek işletmeleri- İşte varolamama- Kadın çalışanlarÖz
Bu araştırma, hem otel işletmelerine bağlı yiyecek içecek departmanlarında hem de
bağımsız olarak faaliyet gösteren yiyecek işletmelerindeki kadın çalışanların işte
varolamama (presenteeism) düzeylerini belirlemeyi ve demografik özelliklere göre
farklılıkları tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Eskişehir’deki birinci
sınıf yiyecek içecek işletmelerinde ve dört ve beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinin yiyecek
içecek departmanlarında 399 kadın çalışana anket uygulanmıştır. Anket uygulaması
sonucunda, elde edilen veriler, frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ve standart sapma
değerleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiş ve değişkenler açısından anlamlı bir farklılığın
bulunup bulunmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla bağımsız örneklem t testi ve varyans
analizi (anova) yapılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre yiyecek işletmelerindeki kadın
çalışanların işte varolamama (presenteeism) düzeyleri ile demografik değişkenler arasında
anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir. Evli, çocuk sahibi, yaşı yüksek, eğitim durumu düşük,
hizmet süresi fazla, yönetici ünvanı düşük veya yönetici ünvanına sahip olmayan, mutfak
bölümünde çalışan ve kronik bir rahatsızlığı olan kadın çalışanların işte varolamama
(presenteeism) düzeyi daha yüksektir. Bununla birlikte yiyecek işletmelerindeki kadın
çalışanların çoğunluğunun işte varolamama (presenteeism) yaşadığı ve işte varolamama
(presenteeism) düzeyinin artmasında en fazla örgütsel faktörlerin etkili olduğu
belirlenmiştir.
Referanslar
Aronsson G. and Gustafsson K. (2005). Sickness Presenteeism: Prevalence, Attendance-Pressure Factors, and an Outline of a Model for Research, JOEM, 47(9), 958-966.
Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K. and Dallner, M. (2000). Sick But Yet At Work. An Empirical Study of Sickness Presenteeism, Epidemiol Community Health, 54, 502-509.
Baker-Mcclearn, D., Greasley, K., Dale, J. and Griffith, F. (2010). Absence Management and Presenteeism: The Pressures on Employees to Attend Work and the Impact of Attendance on Performance, Human Resource Management Journal, 20(3), 311-328.
Baum, T. ve Szivas, E. (2007). HRD in Tourism: A Role for Government?, Tourism Management, 1-12.
Baum, T. (2015). Human Resources in Tourism: Still Waiting for Change? A 2015 Reprise, Tourism Management, 50, 204-212.
Bergström, G., Bodin, L., Hagberg, J., Lindh, T., Aronsson, G. and Josephson, M. (2009). Does Sickness Presenteeism Have an Impact on Future General Health?, Int Arch Occup Environment Health, 82, 1179-1190.
Bierla, I., Huver, B. and Richard, S. (2013). New Evidence on Absenteeism and Presenteeism, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(7), 1536-1550.
Biron, C., Brun, J., Ivers, H. and Cooper, C. L. (2006). At Work But İll: Psychosocial Work Environment and Well-being Determinants of Presenteeism Propensity. Journal of Public Mental Health, 5(4), 26-37.
Böckerman, P. and Laukkanen, E. (2009). Presenteesim in Finland: Determinants by Gender and the Sector of Economy. Ege Akademik Bakış, 9(3), 1007-1016.
Burton, W. N., Land S.H., Downs K.E. and Runken M.C. (2009). The Impact of Migraine and the Effect of Migraine Treatment on Workplace Productivity in the United States and Suggestions for Future Research. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 84(5), 436-445.
Cankül, D. (2016). Turizm diplomalı nitelikli personelin sektöre kazandırılmasında ortak akıl, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Eskişehir.
Cankül, I. (2017). Dört ve beş yıldızlı otel işletmelerinde çalışanların presenteeism (işte varolamama) düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması: izmir örneği, Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
Caverley N., Cunningham J.B. and MacGregor J.N. (2007). Sickness Presenteeism, Sickness Absenteeism, and Health Following Restructuring in a Public Service Organization. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 304- 319.
Cser J. (2010). Impact of partıcıpatıon ın a worksıte wellness program on presenteeism: a quantıtatıve study of pennsylvanıa workers. Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy, Capella University, Minneapolis.
Cook, A.R., Hsu, C.H. and Marqua, J.J. (2016). Tourism the business of hospitality and travel, Fifth Edition, (Çeviri Editörü, M. Tuna), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
Conlin, V. M. ve Baum, T. (2003). Comprehensive Human Resource Planning: An Essential Key to Sustainable Tourism in Small Island Settings, Classic Reviews in Tourism (Ed. Cooper, C.), Channel View Publications.
Copper C.L. and Lu L. (2016). Presenteeism as A Global Phenomenon. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 23(2), 216-230.
Cooper, C. L. (1998). The Changing Nature of Work. Community, Work & Family, 1(3), 313-317.
Çetin M. (2016). An Exploratory Study of Presenteeism in Turkish Context. Emerging Market Journal 6(1), 25-38.
D’Abate, C. P. and Eddy, E. R. (2007). Engaging in Personal Business on the Job: Extending the Presenteeism Construct. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 18(3), 361-383.
Deery M. and Jago L. (2009). A framework For Work-Life Balance Practices: Addressing the Needs of the Tourism Industry, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 9(2), 97-108.
Deery S., Walsh J. and Zatzick C.D. (2014). A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Job Demands, Presenteeism and Absenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87, 352-369.
Dew K., Keefe V. and Small K. (2005). Choosing’to Work When Sick: Workplace Presenteeism, Social Science and Medicine, (60), 2273-2282.
Demirbulat Ö. ve Bozok D. (2015). Presenteeism (İşte Varolamama) ile Yaşam Doyumu, Fiziksel ve Ruhsal İyilik Halinin Etkileşimine Yönelik Seyahat Acentası İşgörenleri Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16 (27), 7-13.
Enz, C. A. (2004). Issues of Concern for Restaurant Owners and Managers, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 45(4), 315-332.
Epstein, L.J. (2005). Presenteeism and Paid Sick Days, http://www.clasp.org/resources-andpublications/files/0212.pdf (01.08.2017).
Erbaş, A., Temizkan, R. ve Cankül, D. (2016). Natıonal Tourısm Plannıng Based On Unıversıty Degrees And Tourısm Professıons: Tıyader Model, 6th Internatıonal Interdıscıplınary Busıness-Economıcs Advancement Conference (Conference Proceedıngs), ISSN: 2372-5885, May 9-13, Miami, Florida, USA.
Erbaş, A.,Cankül, D. ve Temizkan, R. (2016). Turizm Diplomalıların İstihdam Sorunu, Journal of Recreation and Tourism Research, 3(4), 1-12.
Gül K. ve Gül M. (2016). A Dual-Dialectical Approach to Presenteeism and Absenteeism Among Kitchen Employees, Tourism Academic Journal, 3(2), 15-23.
Hansen, C. D. and Andersen, J. H. (2008). Going ill to Work-What Personal Circumstances, Attitudes and WorkRelated Factors Are Associated With Sickness Presenteeism?. Social Science ve Medicine, 67, 956-964.
Hartline, D. M. ve Ferrell, C, O. (1996). The Management of Customer-Contact Service Employees: An Empirical Investigation, Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 52-70.
Hassannia, R., Rezapouraghdam, H. and Darvishmotevali, M. (2016). An Exploratory Investigation of the HRM Practices in Restaurant Sector: The Case of Famagusta, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies, 4(3), 13- 24.
Haven-Tang, C. ve Jones, E. (2008). Labour Market and Skills Needs of the Tourism and Related Sectors in Wales, International Journal of Tourism Research, 10, 353-363.
Hemp, P. (2004). Presenteeism: At Work But Work Out Of It Harvard Business Review. http://www.npgrsp.ch/fileadmin/npgrsp/Themen/Fachthemen/Hemp_2004_Presenteeism.pdf (03.08.2017).
Hummer, J, Sherman, B. and Quinn, N. (2002). Present and Unaccounted For, Occupational Health & Safety, 71(4).
Jafari, J. ve Sola, F. E. (1996). Human Resources Development and Quality Tourism: A Multi-Conference Report, Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1), 228- 231.
Johns, G. (2010). Presenteeism in the Workplace: A Review and Research Agenda, Journal of Organizational Behaviour, 31, 519-542.
Johnson, C., Surlemont, B., Nıcod, P. and Revaz, F. (2005). Behind the Stars A Concise Typology of Michelin Restaurants in Europe, Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 46 (2), 170-187.
Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). Spss Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, (Editör. Kalaycı, Ş), Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
Kelley, W. S. (1992). Developing Customer Orientation Among Service Employees, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 20(1), 27-36.
Kim J., Suh E.E., Ju S., Choo H., Bae H. and Choi H. (2016). Sickness Experiences of Korean Registered Nurses at Work: A Qualitative Study on Presenteeism. Asian Nursing Research, 10, 32-38.
Koçoğlu, M. (2007). İşletmelerde presenteeism sorunu ve insan kaynakları yönetimi çerçevesinde mücadele yöntemleri. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
Koopman C., Pelletier K.R., Murray J.F., Sharda C.E., Berger M.L., Turpin R.S., Hackleman P., Gibson P.,
Holmes D.M. and Bendel T. (2002). Stanford Presenteeism Scale; Health Status and Employee Productivity. JOEM, 44(1), 14-20.
Kusluvan, S. ve Kusluvan, Z. (2000). Perceptions and Attitudes of Undergraduate Tourism Students Towards Working in The Tourism Industry in Turkey, Tourism Management ,21, 251-269.
Lack, D. (2011). Presenteeism Revisited a Comprehensive Review. American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 59(2), 77-91.
Lee-Ross, D. ve Pryce, J. (2010). Human Resources and Tourism (Skills, Culture and Industry), Channel View Publications, UK.
Leslie, D, and Richardson, A. (2000). Tourism and Cooperative Education in UK Undergraduate Courses: are the Benefits Being Realized? Tourism Management, 21, 489-498.
Lowe G. (2002). Here in Body, Absent in Productivity Presenteeism Hurts Output, Quality Of Work-Life and Employee Health, Canadian HR Reporter, http://www.hrreporter.com/article/2207-here-in-body-absent-inproductivity/, (10.09.2017).
Majure, R. (1992). Otelcilik ve Turizm Sektöründe Yabancı Dil Öğretimi, Turizm Eğitimi Konferans- Workshop, 9-11 Aralık, Ankara.
Mandıracıoğlu A. (2013). Presenteeism Olgusu. Sosyal Güvenlik Dergisi, 3(2), 9-17.
Martınez, L.F. and Ferreıra, A.I. (2012). Sick at Work: Presenteeism among Nurses in a Portuguese Public Hospital, Stress and Health, 28, 297-304.
Mathisen, G. E., Einarsen, S. and Mykletun, R. (2008). The Occurrences and Correlates of Bullying and Harassment in The Restaurant Sector. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 59–68.
Mattila, S. A. ve Enz, A. C. (2002). The Role of Emotions in Service Encounters, Journal of Service Research, 4(4), 268-277.
Mayaka, M. ve King, B. (2002). A Quality Assessment of Educationand Training for Kenya’s Tour-Operating Sector, Current Issues in Tourism, 5(2), 112-133.
McKevitt, C., Morgan M., Dundas R. and Holland, W.W. (1997). Sickness Absence and 'Working Through' İllness: A Comparison of Two Professional Groups, Journal of Public Health Medicine, 19(3), 295-300
Medlik, S. (2002). Otel İşletmeciliği, (Çeviren, Ö.L. Met), Uludağ Üniversitesi Güçlendirme Vakfı Yayın No: 14, Bursa.
Middaugh, D.J. (2006). Presenteeism: Sick and Tired at Work. Dermatology Nursing, 19(2), 172-185.
Murray, M.K., Pontes, H.M., Griffiths, M.D. and Biron C. (2015). Sickness Presenteeism Determine Job Satisfaction Via Affective-Motivational States, Social Science and Medicine, (139), 100-106.
Prater, T. and Smith, K. (2011). Underlying Factors Contributing to Presenteeism and absenteeism, Journal of Business & Economics Research, 9(6), 1-14.
Robertson, I., Leach, D., Doerner, N. and Smeed, M. (2012). Poor Health But not Absent Prevalence, Predictors, and Outcomes of Presenteeism, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 54(11), 1344-1349.
Saarvala, E. (2006). Presenteeism: The lastest Attack on Economic and Human Productivity. Human Resources Management, 1, 1-10.
Shamansky, L. (2002). Presenteeism Or When Being There is not Being There, Public Health Nursing, (19)2, 79- 80.
Skagen K. and Collins, A.M. (2016). The Consequences of Sickness Presenteeism on Health and Wellbeing Over Time: A Systematic Review, Social Science &Medicine, 161, 169-177.
Singh, N., Hu, C. ve Roehl, S. W. (2007). Text Mining A Decade of Progress in Hospitality Human Resource Management Research: Identifying Emerging Thematic Development, Hospitality Management, 26, 131-147.
Solnet, D. (2007). Employee-Customer Linkages: A Social Identification Perspective in A Hotel Industry Context, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 14(2), 129-143.
Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların Ölçülmesi ve Spss ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
Torp S., Vinje H. and Simonsen H. (2016). Works, Well-being and Presence Among Researchers, International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 18(4), 199-212.
Ural, A. ve Kılıç, İ. (2005). Bilimsel Araştırma Süreci ve Spss ile Veri Analizi. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
Urry, J. (2009). Turist Bakışı, (Çeviren. Tataroğlu, E. ve Yıldız, İ.), Bilgesu Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Walker, J.R. and Lundberg, D.R. (2005). The Restaurant : From Concept to Operation, Fourth Edition, Wiley:A.B.D.
Wang, J., Schmitz, N., Smailes, E., Sareen, J. and Patten, S. (2010). Workplace Characteristics, Depression, and Health-Related Presenteeism in a General Population Sample, Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine, 52(8), 836-842.
Widera, E., Chang, A. and Chen, H. (2010). Presenteeism: A public health hazard. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(11), 1244-1247.
Willingham J.G. (2008). Managing Presenteeism and Disability to Improve Productivity, Benefits Compensation, 45(12), 11-14.
Yayınlanmış
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2023 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.
