Türkiye’nin Katılımcı Olduğu Turizmle İlgili Erasmus+ KA2 Projelerinin Analizi (Analysis of Tourism-Related Erasmus+ KA2 Projects Involving Türkiye)

Authors

  • Erdinç BALLI
  • Vedat YİĞİTOĞLU
  • Ayşe İpek KOCA BALLI

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63556/jotags.2026.1835

Keywords:

Erasmus+, KA2, Project, Tourism, Bibliometric analysis, Scientific mapping, Türkiye

Abstract

This study aims to examine tourism-related Erasmus+ Key Action 2 (KA2) projects involving Türkiye in terms of their temporal development, inter-country collaboration networks, and the thematic structure of project topics. The research is based on a bibliometric analysis of 283 projects obtained from the Erasmus+ Project Results Platform as of 5 January 2026, covering the period 2014–2025. The data were analysed using Biblioshiny software through performance analysis and scientific mapping techniques. The findings reveal that Türkiye has developed strong, sustained collaborations, particularly with Italy and Spain, and that project topics have shifted over time towards digital, green, and sustainability skills. Additionally, the results show that the projects exhibit a multi-dimensional and integrated structure rather than focusing on a single theme. Practically, the study provides a guiding framework for parties planning to apply for Erasmus+ KA2 projects. At the same time, theoretically, it stands out as one of the first studies to comprehensively and comparatively examine KA2 projects in the tourism literature.

References

Alonso de Castro, M. G., & García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2020). Overview of European educational projects on eLearning and related methodologies: Data from Erasmus+ Project Results Platform. In Eighth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (pp. 291-298). https://doi. org/10.1145/3434780.3436550.

Aria, M. & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959-975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007

Balseven, H., Çoban, M., & Ceylan, R. F. (2020). Avrupa Birliği’nde Erasmus Plus KA2 programının emek piyasası üzerindeki etkilerinin analizi. In MCES 2020 Marmara Avrupa Araştırmaları Konferansı Tebliğler Kitabı (ss. 75–90). Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü.

Bayrakcı, S., & Ozcan, C. C. (2023). The socio-cultural determinants of tourism: The case of Turkey. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(1), 222-245. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-05-2021-0125

Birkan, İ., & Toker, T. (2026). Assessment of Turkish Tourism as of 2024: Strategic Directions and Sustainable Development. Turizm ve İşletme Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(1), 75-98. https://izlik.org/JA73XS33HU

Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 133, 285-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070

Ellegaard, O., & Wallin, J. A. (2015). The bibliometric analysis of scholarly production: How great is the impact?. Scientometrics, 105(3), 1809-1831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1645-z

Erzsebet, I. (2024). Examining the contribution of tourism to employment in the European Union. Journal of Tourism Theory and Research, 10(2), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.24288/jttr.1513287

European Commission. (2025a). What is Erasmus+? https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/about-erasmus/what-is-erasmus (Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2026)

European Commission. (2025b). Erasmus+ Key Action 2: Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme/key-action-2 (Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2026)

European Commission. (2025c). Erasmus+:Projects. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/projects/search/?page=1&sort=&domain=eplus2021&view=list&map=false&organisationOrganisationCountry=t%C3%BCrkiye__TR&searchType=projects&organisationRole=coordinator_or_partner (Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2026)

European Commission. (2025d). Erasmus+: Programme guide 2025. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide (Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2026)

European Commission. (2025e). Erasmus+ Cooperation Partnerships and Small-scale Partnerships. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-b/key-action-2/small-scale-partnerships (Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2026)

European Commission. (2025f). Centres of Vocational Excellence . https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-b/key-action-2/centres-vocational-excellence (Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2026)

Ferreira-Pereira, L.C., & Mourato Pinto, J. (2021). Soft Power in the European Union’s Strategic Partnership Diplomacy: The Erasmus Plus Programme. In: Ferreira-Pereira, L.C., Smith, M. (eds) The European Union's Strategic Partnerships. The European Union in International Affairs. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66061-1_4

Hall, C. M. (2011). Publish and perish? Bibliometric analysis, journal ranking and the assessment of research quality in tourism. Tourism management, 32(1), 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.07.001

Ion, R. A., & Petre, I. L. (2024). Influence Analysis of Different Factors from the Tourism Sector on Rural Gross Value Added: Cross-Section Analysis at the EU Level. Sustainability, 16(20), 8997. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16208997

Kılıç, İ., & Şenel, E. (2021). Turizmin sosyo-kültürel ve çevresel etkilerinin turizmin gelişimindeki rolü. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 23(2), 789-808. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.769725

Korinth, B. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on International Tourism Income in Tourism Receiving Countries. Sustainability, 14(19), 12550. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912550

Koseoglu, M. A., Rahimi, R., Okumus, F., & Liu, J. (2016). Bibliometric studies in tourism. Annals of tourism research, 61, 180-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.10.006

Kumar, R. (2025). Bibliometric analysis: comprehensive insights into tools, techniques, applications, and solutions for research excellence. Spectrum of Engineering and Management Sciences, 3(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.31181/sems31202535k

Mora Forero, J. A., Nieto Mejia, A., & León-Gómez, A. (2023). A Bibliometric Analysis and Systematic Review of Dark Tourism: Trends, Impact, and Prospects. Administrative Sciences, 13(11), 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13110238

Moral-Munoz, J. A., Herrera-Viedma, E., Santisteban-Espejo, A., & Cobo, M. J. (2020). Software tools for conducting bibliometric analysis in science: An up-to-date review. El Profesional de la Informacion, 29(1), e290103. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.ene.03

Nogueira, J. R., Dantas, L., Galego, C., & Carmona Marques, P. (2025). Assessing the Contribution of ERASMUS+ KA2 Projects to the SDGs: An Exploratory Analysis. Sustainability, 17(22), 9962. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17229962

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International Journal of Surgery, 88, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906

Passas, I. (2024). Bibliometric Analysis: The Main Steps. Encyclopedia, 4(2), 1014-1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020065

Platania, M., Ruggieri, G., & Baggio, R. (2025). Tourism and industrial ecosystems. Economic relationships in Europe. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 52, 1051–1067. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-025-00352-5

Pritchard, A. (1969) Statistical Bibliography or Bibliometrics. Journal of Documentation, 25, 348-349.

Rethlefsen, M. L., Kirtley, S., Waffenschmidt, S., Ayala, A. P., Moher, D., Page, M. J., & Koffel, J. B. (2021). PRISMA-S: an extension to the PRISMA statement for reporting literature searches in systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 10, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z

Rogers, G., Szomszor, M. & Adams, J. (2020). Sample size in bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics 125, 777–794. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03647-7

Skare, M., Soriano, D. R., & Porada-Rochon, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the travel and tourism industry. Technological forecasting and social change, 163, 120469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120469

Türkiye Ulusal Ajans, (2025). https://www.ua.gov.tr/programlar_/erasmus-programi/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2026)

UN Tourism. (2025). Cultivating a Culture of Peace through Tourism. https://www.unwto.org/event/cultivating-a-culture-of-peace-through-tourism (Erişim Tarihi: 04.01.2026)

Ülker, P., Ülker, M., & Karamustafa, K. (2023). Bibliometric analysis of bibliometric studies in the field of tourism and hospitality. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(2), 797-818. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-10-2021-0291

Published

30-06-2026

How to Cite

BALLI , E., YİĞİTOĞLU , V., & KOCA BALLI , A. İpek. (2026). Türkiye’nin Katılımcı Olduğu Turizmle İlgili Erasmus+ KA2 Projelerinin Analizi (Analysis of Tourism-Related Erasmus+ KA2 Projects Involving Türkiye). Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 14(2), 1213–1233. https://doi.org/10.63556/jotags.2026.1835