A Comparative Life Cycle Analysis of Two Mass Tourism Destinations in Turkey
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21325/jotags.2019.421Keywords:
Destination life cycle, Tourism development, DeclineAbstract
Tourism destinations pass through different stages of development, experiencing a life-style similar to that of humans and commercial products. This course, which starts with the discovery process, continues to declining stage for several reasons. Postponing the process depends on determining what development stage destinations are in and how they develop. The aim of this study is to determine the applicability of Butler’s “Destination life cycle” model to Alanya and Manavgat which are two most important mass tourism destinations in Turkey and analyze what development stages they are in and compare their tourism developments within the context of the model. In the research, semi-structured interviewing techniques and document analysis were used. The findings were analyzed with descriptive analysis. As a result of the research, it was determined that Butler's model is consistent with the tourism development of Alanya and Manavgat destinations and both destinations are in "stagnation".
References
Agarwal, S. (1997). The Resort Cycle and Seaside Tourism: An Assesment of Its Applicability and Validity, Tourism Management, 18 (2), 65-73.
Agarwal, S. (2002). Restructurıng Seaside Tourism The Resort Lifecyle, Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (1), 25-55. Akdeniz Turistik Otelciler ve İşletmeciler Birliği - AKTOB (2017). Resort Turizm Perspektif, Sayı: 173, Eylül, 2017.
Akdeniz Turistik Otelciler ve İşletmeciler Birliği - AKTOB (2014). 2023’e Doğru Türkiye’de Turizmin 100 yılı; Turizm Sektörünün Yapısı, Büyüklüğü ve Ekonomiye Katkısı; Turizm ve Konaklama Sektörünün Sosyo- Ekonomik Etkileri, Akdeniz Turistik Otelciler ve İşletmeciler Birliği, Şubat 2014.
Alpaslan, Ö. (2009). Antalya Kıyı Bölgesi Planlama Sürecinin Kıyı Alanlarına Etkileri: Side-Manavgat Örneği. TMMOB Şehir Plancıları Odası Yayını, Sayı 2009: 2.
Altunışık, R., Coşkun R., Bayraktaroğlu S. ve Yıldırım, E. (2005). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri: SPSS Uygulamalı. Geliştirilmiş 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Sakarya Kitabevi.
Andriotis, K. (2003). Coastal Resort Morphology: The Cretan Experience, Tourism Recreation Research, 28 (1), 67-75.
Andrıotıs, K. (2005). The Tourism Life Cycle: An Overview of the Cretan Case. International Conference on Tourism Development and Planning, A.T.E.I. of Patra, Patra, Greece.
Andrıotıs, K. (2006). Hosts, Guests and Politics: Coastal Resorts Morphological Change, Annals of Tourism Research, 33 (4).
Antalya Provincial Directorate of Culture and Tourism (2017). http://www.antalyakulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,68131/manavgat.html. Last accessed on 21 April 2017.
Başkale, H. (2016). Nitel Araştırmalarda Geçerlik, Güvenirlik ve Örneklem Büyüklüğünün Belirlenmesi, DEUHFED 2016, 9 (1), 23-28.
Baum, T. (1998). Taking the Exit Route: Extending the Tourism Area Life Cycle Model, Current Issues in Tourism, 1(2), 167-175.
Brooker, E. and Jason B. (2008). Marketing Destination Niagara Effectively Through the Tourism Life Cycle, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 20 (3), 278-292.
Butler, W. R. (1980). The Concept of a Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources, Canadian Geographer, XXIV, 1.
Butler, W. R. (2008). The Concept of A Tourist Area Cycle of Evolution: Implications for Management of Resources. Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien· June 2008.
Butler, W. R. (2011). The Origins of the Tourism Area Life Cycle. Folia Turistica, 25(1).
Butler, W. R. (2014). Coastal Tourist Resorts: History, Development and Models. 220 ACE© AÑO, 8 (25).
Casasnovas, A. L. A and Rossello. A. S. (2009). The Tourist Area Lifecycle and the Unit Roots Test: A New Economic Perspective For A Classic Paradigm In Tourism. http://dea.uib.es/digitalAssets/136/136622_w38.pdf. Last accessed on 06 May 2017.
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Manavgat (Manavgat Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası) (2013). 2013 Ekonomik Raporu, (Economic Report of Manavgat) https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByaLif82oLaTb3Rtd2ZvVy1EVnc/view, Last accessed on 21 April 2017.
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Manavgat (Manavgat Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası) (2016). 2016 Ekonomik Raporu (Economic Report of Manavgat). https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByaLif82oLaTeF91SW80dTc1WTQ/view, Last accessed on 21 April 2017.
Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Manavgat (Manavgat Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası) (2017). 2017 Ekonomik Raporu (2017 (Economic Report of Manavgat) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MLdPeiTzR4jFWCk5_Yj2Gl2mTybPkIKX/view Last accessed on 17 May 2018.
Cooper C. and Stephen J. (1989) Destination Life Cycle:the Isle of Man Case Study, Annal of Tourism Research, 16, 377-398.
Crompton, J. L.., Ian S. R. and Uysal, M (1987). Empirical Identification of Product Life Cycle Patterns in the Delivery of Municipal Park and Recreation Services, Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 5 (1), 17– 34.
Demir, E. (2015). Rusya’nın Yaptırımlarının Türkiye Ekonomisine Olası Etkileri, Türkiye İş Bankası İktisadi Araştırmalar Bölümü https://ekonomi.isbank.com.tr/UserFiles/pdf/ar_15_2015.pdf. Last accessed on 19 August 2017.
Doğaner, S. (2001). Türkiye Turizm Coğrafyası, İstanbul: Çantay Kitabevi
Douglas, N. (1997). Applying the Life Cycle Model To Melanesia, Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (1).
Ellul, D. F. T. and Jurado, E.N (2014) Destination Lyfe Cycle in Jafari, J., Xiao, H.(ed). Encyclopedia of Tourism, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 1-3.
Garay, L. and Canoves, G (2011). Life Cycles, Stages and Tourism History: The Catalonia (Spain) Experience, Annals Of Tourism Research, 38 (2), 651-671.
Getz, D. (1992). Tourism Planning And Destination Life Cycle, Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 772-770.
Guba, G. E. (1981). Criteria for Assessing the Trustworthiness of Naturalistic Inquiries, Educational Resources Infonnation Center Annual Review Paper, 29 (2), 75-91.
Güney, İ. (2016). Turizm Alanlarının Yaşam Döngüsü Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Kuşadası Örneği, (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi), Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi.
Hovıven G. R. (1981), A Tourıst Cycle In Lancaster County, PENNSYLVANIA, The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien, 25, 283–286. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1981.tb01649.x.
Hovinen, G. R. (2002). Revisiting The Destination Life Cycle Model, Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (1), 209-230.
Ioannides D. (1992). Tourism Development Agents: the Cypriot Resort Cycle, Annals of Tourism Research, 19, 711-731.
Krefting L. (1991). Rigor in Qualitative Research: The Assessment of Trustworthiness, American Journal of Occupational Therapy, March 1991, 45, 214-222. doi:10.5014/ajot.45.3.214.
Koçak, M. (2017). Türkiye Rusya İlişkileri, Seta Siyaset, Ekonomi ve Toplum Araştırmaları Vakfı Yayını, Sayı, 201.
Lagiewski, R. (2006). The Application of the Talc model: a literature survey. Aspects of Tourism: The Tourism Area Life Cycle Vol. 1 Applications and Modifications. Ed. Richard Butler. Great Britain: Cromwell Press, 2006, 27-50.
Lundtorp, S. and Wanhill, S.(2001). The Resort Lifecycle Theory: Generating Processes and Estimation, Annals of Tourism Research, 28 (4), 947-964.
Martin S. B. and Uysal, M (1990). An Examination of the Relationship Between Carrying Capacity and the Tourism Lifecycle: Management and Policy Implications, Journal of Environmental Management, 31, 327-333.
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2016). Gelen Turist Sayısı ve Geceleme Sayısı (Turist Arrivals and Number of Overnight Stays. http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr/. Last accessed on 10 October 2016.
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2017). Gelen Turist Sayısı (Number of Arrivals). http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,9851/turizm-istatistikleri.html Last accessed on 10 October 2017.
Ministry of Culture and Tourism (2016). İşletme Belgeli Tesis ve Yatak Sayısı (Number of Operating Licensed Hotels and Number of Beds). http://yigm.kulturturizm.gov.tr/. Last accessed on 10 October 2016.
Park, H. K. (2006). A Study on Tourist Area Life Cycle and Marketing Strategy: Case of Jesu Island. Unpublished Master’s Thesis, KDI School of Public and Management.
Resmi Gazete (1982). Turizm Teşvik Kanunu, Sayı: 2634; Kabul Tarihi: 12/3/1982 (Tourism Encouragement Law no. 2634; Date of Acceptance: 12/3/1982). Ankara: Resmi Gazete.
Tooman, L. Alex (1997). Applications of the Life Cycle Model in Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 24 (1), 214-234.
Turkish Statistical Institute (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu) (2017). 1980-1990 Alanya Nüfusu (Population of Alanya in 1980-1990. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do. Last accessed on 21 April 2017.
Turkish Statistical Institute (Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu-TÜİK) (2017). 1990-2000 Alanya Nüfusu (Population of Alanya in 1990-2000. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/Start.do. Last accessed on 21 April 2017.
Tourism and Investment Business and Industry Magazine (Turizm ve Yatırım İşletme ve Endüstri Dergisi) (2016).
Turizmci Krizden Çıkış Yolu Arıyor, MART 2016, Sayı, 44. http://www.turizmyatirimdergisi.com.tr/images/dergi/44-S44_LQ.pdf, Last accessed on 24 June 2017.
Uysal, M., Woo, E and Singal, M (2012). The Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) and Its Effect on the Quality-of-Life (QOL) of Destination Community. M.Uysal., Richard, R.P ve M.Joseph. S, (Ed). Handbook of Tourism andQuality-of-Life Research: Enhancing the Life Of Tourists And Residents of Host Communities, in (423-445). London / New York: Springer.
http://www.yerelnet.org.tr/ilceler/ilce_nufus.php?ilceid=198289 “Manavgat İlçesi Nüfus Listesi”, Last accessed on 01 June 2017.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
